The Crucible; Good Intentions - 1092 Words

Good Intentions; Unfortunate Results â€Å"The path to hell is paved with good intentions,† says an English Proverb. This can also be seen as true about literature set in the 17th century all the way to characters living in the turn of the 19th century. Those were simpler times when people believed in the devil, witches and vampires as explanations because there were so many things they didn’t understand. Characters in these strict moral times would try to do what they thought would be for the best only to have the situations turn out worse than before. The irony in these works of literature is that a lot of times, good intentions ended badly. The Crucible by Arthur Miller is a prime example of how good and pure intentions go wrong and†¦show more content†¦In the very beginning of the story, Jonathan Harker is traveling to Dracula’s castle in place of his boss who couldn’t go. His intentions are good so he can help his boss and make some money off of the land he is planning to sel l, however his intentions get turned around when Dracula traps him inside the castle and he fears for his life. These are examples of situational irony. Reverend Hale, the specialist in dealings with the devil, has great intentions to save people from sin when he comes to Salem. In Act One, Miller writes of Hale: His goal is light, goodness, and its preservation.(36) His goals and intentions when arriving in Salem are very specifically laid out for him when Miller speaks of him. However after events unfold, Hale ends up inadvertently sending many people to the courts. During the trials, he councils convicted witches to confess, so that they won’t be hanged. Hale knowingly counseled people to lie. The events that happen to Hale and the twisted way that he ended up saving lives is cosmic irony. Hale came to Salem to save souls from the devil and tell people not to lie, cheat, or sin, but when the play ends Hale has tried to save lives by telling those accused to lie and sin. Th erefore, he has actually damned the very souls he came to save. In The Crucible, Reverend Parris’ actions were supposed to keep his good standing in the community but actually caused him to lose the town’s respect. Reverend Hale came to Salem to saveShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Arthur Miller s The Crucible 1732 Words   |  7 Pagesthe world. II. Biographical Arthur Miller was a controversial playwright during the 1950’s and 60’s, note because of the material that he choose to write about, but because of the events that took place surrounding one of his best works: The Crucible. One of his friends and a fellow playwright Elia Kazan was accused of being a Communist by the house Un-American Activities Committee. Elia, who had admitted to being previously a Communist during the 1930’s (long before the cold war) was askedRead MoreThe Crucible Character Analysis736 Words   |  3 PagesIn Arthur Miller’s The Crucible, the people of Salem, Massachusetts experience several â€Å"bizarre supernatural events† that really highlight these characters’ morality. A morality play is a kind of drama with personified abstract qualities as the main characters and presenting a lesson about good conduct and character. The Crucible dramatizes good and evil to give rationale of these characters’ true intentions. The â€Å"good† characters in the play are portrayed as Reverend Hale, Elizabeth, Mr. ParrisRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1653 Words   |  7 PagesPublished in 1952, during a period of cold war tensions, which culmi nated in the ideological witch trials of the McCarthyism era in America, the allegorical play, the crucible, by Arthur Miller, is set in Salem Massechutsets, in 1692, during the Salem Witch Trials. The author has intentionally used allegory to draw parallels between the two events and invite the reader to think critically about the persecution that occurred during both time periods. One of the themes that the author has used toRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1653 Words   |  7 Pagesublished in 1952, during a period of cold war tensions, which culminated in the ideological witch trials of the McCarthyism era in America; the allegorical play, The Crucible, by Arthur Miller, is set in Salem Massachusetts, in 1692, during the Salem Witch Trials. The author has intentionally used allegory to draw parallels between the two events and invite the reader to think critically about the persecution that occurred during both time periods. One of the themes that the author has used toRea d MoreElements of Good and Evil in The Crucible by Arthur Miller1072 Words   |  5 Pages The play, The Crucible, is a fireball of guilt, evil, and good compiled into one magnification. It is a play with tremendous feelings, with many inside twists hidden in the archives of the true story. It is a play with emotional feelings; feelings of anger, hate, and evil, yet also feelings of goodness, and pureness. Undeniably, The Crucible is a play illustrating good versus evil.nbsp; The principal characters, Abigail Williams, John Proctor, Ann Putnam and Marry Warren all contain within themRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1653 Words   |  7 PagesPublished in 1952, during a period of cold war tensions, which culminated in the ideological witch trials of the McCarthyism era in America; the allegorical play, The Crucible, by Arthur Miller, is set in Salem Massechutsets, in 1692, during the Salem Witch Trials. The author has intentionally used allegory to draw parallels between the two events and invite the reader to think critically about the persecution that occurred during both time periods. One of the themes that the author has used toRead MoreThe Crucible- Conflict Resolution Essay734 Words   |  3 PagesThe Crucible, written by Arthur Miller, is a movie that focuses on the conflict and resolution that occurred during the Salem witch trials during 17th century Puritan New England. After a group of young girls are found dancing and chanting during the night in the middle of the woods, strange things begin to happen within the small town. Conflict arises when Reverend Parris, the local minister, discovers the girls in the forest being led by a black slave named Tituba. Two girls out of the groupRead MoreMass Hysteria In The Crucible Essay713 Words   |  3 PagesThe Crucible, written by Arthur Miller, was a historical play written about the Salem witch trials that took place in the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1692-93. The Salem witch trials created mass hysteria throughout the entire village of Salem, which was also mainly inhabited by Puritans. Puritans had a set ideal of firm beliefs that managed how they lived. Essentially, they were living as an elect, which meant they (referring to the Puritans) had a place in heaven for the righteous acts they haveRead MoreThe Crucible : The Potential Of Change916 Words   |  4 PagesJoie Lim Johnston English 11H, Period 7 8 October 2015 The Crucible: The Potential of Change Introduction: In The Crucible, Arthur Miller recreates the anxiety and hysteria of the Salem witch-trials from 1692. Although the title, not once is the word â€Å"crucible† spoken in the play. However, the people and events of the Salem witch trials correspond with the definition of a â€Å"crucible†. The Merriam-Webster Dictionary defines â€Å"crucible† three ways: â€Å"A pot in which metals or other substances are heatedRead MoreThe Crucible And Breaker Morant Analysis789 Words   |  4 PagesThe tales of Arthur Millers The Crucible and Bruce Beresfords Breaker Morant while appearing vastly different at a glance; share many common themes. These include scapegoats, trials and revenge. In The Crucible the antagonist, Abigail, is depicted as a spiteful and vengeful character that will stop at no end to gain the satisfaction of revenge through destructive means. Good Putnam is portrayed as a revenge driven character from The Crucible. In the movie of Breaker Morant, the p rotagonist

Colonial America - 793 Words

During 1607-1753, Colonial America was founded. Starting on 1492, when Christopher Columbus discovered land beyond the England, people were launched into a new life. A group of puritans departed from England to escape the growing stress of the English government. Searching for freedom, in both religion and government, they sailed towards America. Their main goal was not only to start e new life, but also to convert the savages; â€Å"Indians.† With this move they experienced many difficulties. Upon starting a new life, they had to learn a new way of political life, social life, educational life, and above all religious lives. Today the controversy of the importance of Christianity to the colonists in the years preceding the American Revolution†¦show more content†¦It became to be known as â€Å"the little Bible† because religious instruction was integrated into the grammar lessons. The eighty-page book taught the alphabet as well as moral and spiritual principles. After graduating from high school, you could go to college. However, in order to be accepted, there were strict requirements that one had to follow. Every student should be â€Å"able to read, construe, and parse Tully, Virgil, and the Greek NT; and to write true Latin in prose and to understand common arithmetic.† Nevertheless, not only will they have to accomplish all these, but they also have to live a religious, blameless life in God. Every student was forced to constantly pray in the school hallways every morning and evening; as well as read a passage of scripture. The professors were to take turns preaching from Godà ¢â‚¬â„¢s Word in the halls. Additionally, if any student were to act rudely or profane the Sabbath, they would be harshly disciplined. Unfortunately, the government governed even their schools strictly. Colonial America’s social life was probably the most interesting aspect of their new lives. They had two main laws by which to live by; The Moral Law and the Law of Grace. According to the Moral Law, every man was to love his neighbor, and help in times of want or distress. However the Law of Grace, calls men to put a difference between Christians and others.Show MoreRelatedLife in Colonial America1942 Words   |  8 PagesDuring colonial times life would not have been anything like it is today. They would not have a cell phone, computer or a global positioning system. The family would wake up to begin their day with chores depending on their sex, location, age and, the families’ social class. Families were large for various reasons - help on the farm, most children died before the age of five. Childbirth was extremely dangerous for women of the day. Doctors did not deliver infants. That job belonged to midwivesRead MoreThe History Of Colonial Latin America1322 Words   |  6 PagesWhen the Spanish and the Portuguese established the colonies in the Americas, not only did they bring their material culture of technologies, clothes, cuisines, architecture, crops, and animals but they also brought their intellectual traditions such as that of honor. The history of colonial Latin America gives many questions related to the understanding of honor. The culture of honor during this period of time was pivotal as it provided a set of values that organized society and individual livesRead MoreSociety of Colonial America Essay1247 Words   |  5 PagesAmerica in 1620-1700 or Colonial America is filled with life and diversity upon the changes it has been slowly incorporating in their society with the European settlers who have migrated to the country and governments claiming colonies in each part of the continent. Due to the variety of c ultures that have now mixed in the country, there have been many particular elements or legacies which have left a mark in the country and are continuously seen today in American culture. The time period is alsoRead MoreColonial Americas without the Indians1566 Words   |  7 PagesCentral and South America would not have been the same without the Indians. History itself would be dissimilar in Colonial America without the Indians. There is a probably chance that slavery would have gained popularity quicker if there were not any Indians. History today would not be the same without the Indians. The Colonials learned guerilla warfare fighting from fighting against the Indians. Also the because of the existence of the Indians farming grew in the colonial Americas. The Indians didRead MoreThe Regions of Colonial America Essay864 Words   |  4 PagesBy the 1700’s, New England, the Chesapeake region and the Southern Colonies developed into three distinct societies, despite comi ng from the same mother country, England. The regions of Colonial America each had a distinctive culture and economy entirely different from the other regions. Religion and religious tolerance was completely different in each region, running from being free to complete persecution. Ethnicity and racial composition ranged from almost complete British descent to a wide rangeRead MoreThe 18th Century And Colonial America1461 Words   |  6 PagesThe 18th Century in colonial America was a time of change, both within the continent of North America and from the Old World that was Europe. Ever since the establishment of some of the first colonies, colonists viewed themselves as such: colonists. However, as the 17th Century passes into the 18th, and as the new century went on, colonists viewed themselves as something else: Americans. These Americans developed new beliefs that alienated themselves from their fellow Europeans, and as war escalatedRead MoreThe Miners During Colonial Latin Ame rica1161 Words   |  5 PagesDuring Colonial Latin America, the major production of silver and mercury as benefited Spaniards, while Indians worked for hours in the mines. Miners during this time were exposed to dangerous conditions in which many died of diseases, contamination/poisoning and injuries and all for low payments. In Mercury, Mining, and Empire, Nicholas A. Robins incorporates the labor system and the processes behind the production of mercury and silver. Also, the pollution that surged as consequence and the conditionsRead MoreColonial America787 Words   |  4 PagesDuring 1607-1753, Colonial America was founded. Starting on 1492, when Christopher Columbus discovered land beyond the England, people were launched into a new life. A group of puritans departed from England to escape the growing stress of the English government. Searching for freedom, in both religion and government, they sailed towards America. Their main goal was not only to start e new life, but also to convert the savages; â€Å"Indians.† With this move they experienced many difficulties. Upon startingRead MoreEssay about The Slave Trade in Colonial America4298 Words   |  18 PagesThe Slave Trade in Colonial America The first blacks in the American Colonies were brought in, like many lower-class whites, as indentured servants. Most indentured servants had a contract to work without wages for a master for four to seven years, after which they became free. Blacks brought in as slaves, however, had no right to eventual freedom. The first black indentured servants arrived in Jamestown in the colony of Virginia in 1619. They had been captured in AfricaRead MoreWomen in Colonial America769 Words   |  4 PagesWomen in Colonial America When women first arrived to the new colonies, many did not have the money to pay in order to get off the boat. This forced them into 4-5 years of servitude. Women would then be free to search for a husband. In Colonial America, the social status of citizens was based on financial standings, ethnicity, and religious beliefs. Social class was a determining factor of opportunities available to women. They had considerably greater rights than their counterparts in England,

America Movil †The Jaguar’s Next Move Free Essays

After a deep analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of America Movil, and considering the forces that are currently driving the growth of the wireless telecom market in Latin America and the rest of the world, we have elaborated certain recommendations concerning the company’s future strategic decisions which, in our opinion, should be considered in order to consolidate the corporation’s current position as a global leader in this industry. Regarding the issue of the possible expansion of America Movil into new markets; the analysis shows that the best strategy for the company to follow, considering its current investments, assets and the forecasts for each region, is to focus on the organic growth and to continue strengthening its position in the Latin American market, where the corporation has been able to develop strong brand awareness among the consumers and where the cultural, social and economic aspects of the region represent an advantage against competitors. Regarding the possibility of a future merge between America Movil and Telmex International, there is no doubt that the synergy that both companies could generate is enormous, nevertheless, due to the basic yet significant differences in these telecom segments, the best option is to keep both companies as separate entities while allowing them to work together by the establishment of joint ventures and strategic alliances in specific projects. We will write a custom essay sample on America Movil – The Jaguar’s Next Move or any similar topic only for you Order Now Sincerely Yours, Author Organic Growth against Positioning in New Markets After quite a long â€Å"shopping spree† that lasted over seven years, from 2000 to 2007, in which America Movil invested and acquired assets all over Latin America, becoming the largest and most powerful corporation in the region; today the company needs to decide whether to continue its expansion through acquisitions – either in the same region or in different potential markets such as Europe or Asia – or to settle down and focus on getting the most out of its current investments. To determine which of these options brings the most benefits for America Movil, we will analyze several aspects of the company and the environment in which it competes, as well forecasts, opportunities and threats that come with each one of these options. Analysis of America Movil and its current position in the Latin American Market America Movil currently holds a privileged competitive position in the Latin American Market, with strong presence in 16 different countries that at the same time, share a wide variety of cultural, economical and social aspects. These common characteristics represent an advantage for America Movil against foreign competitors due to the experience and proven success of the company in positioning itself and understanding the dynamics in this region. Some of the countries in which the corporation competes, are currently in an advanced stage of development regarding the wireless market – such as Argentina, Chile, El Salvador and Uruguay, where the wireless percentage of penetration is above 85% of the population – while others represent an attractive opportunity of growth – such as Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Paraguay, Peru and Puerto Rico – where the percentage of penetration ranges from 41% to 75% of the population. The impact of these percentages can be better appreciated in exhibit 1, where it shows that the total number of potential clients in the region can be assumed to be above 150 million, a number which exceeds the total number of customers currently affiliated with America Movil – 141 million-, especially in countries such as Brazil, Colombia, Mexico and Peru, where the company already has a relatively high percentage of the market share. The total number of potential customers just in these four countries is almost 130 million, 85% of the total number of potential customers. As important as the size of the market available for this corporation, is the distribution of revenue that each one of these countries represents. This distribution can be better appreciated in exhibit 2. What the trend is showing is that the percentage of revenue from Mexico, the most important market for America Movil, is decreasing compared to other countries in which the company operates. From 2004 to 2008 the participation of Mexico has reduced from 54% to 39%, meaning that over half of the revenue of the corporation today comes from its operations in foreign markets, emphasizing their increasing importance relative to the domestic market, which importance has decreased in over 15% while the Brazilian, Caribbean, Andean and Mercosur markets have rose between 4% and 7% each. However, as we can appreciate in exhibit 3, the overall behavior of the Latin American Market shows that it has been in an important phase of growth in the past 4 years, from 2004 to 2008, where revenues have increased over 151%. These numbers together support the arguments of both, the strong position that America Movil currently has in the Latin American market, and of the success of the company in understanding the dynamics of the Latin American economy and culture; which translate in a competitive advantage over its main competitor in the region, Telefonica, and other European and North American based corporations that have struggled in positioning themselves in the countries where America Movil has established. Current Strategy in Latin America The success factors of America Movil strategy in this region can be summarized in two main categories; the penetration strategy and the positioning strategy. Penetration Strategy The penetration strategy developed by the company has been clear since the beginning; the acquisition of assets in the different Latin American countries for a low price. This strategy has benefited the corporation by providing them with the required infrastructure to operate at a relatively low cost, taking advantage of opportunities generated by the failure of other companies to develop a strong position in the market and taking advantage of the liberalization of the Latin American economies. Examples of these acquisitions are the purchase of BCP from BellSouth Corp. (USA) and Verbier (Brazil) in 2003 for $643 million and American Movil Peru from TIM International (Italy) for $503. 4 million. The main reasons for the retreat of these companies from the region were either difficulties at their domestic markets or failed business strategies, two factors that America Movil had under control, with a strong domestic market performance in Mexico and with a profitable business strategy in the region. Positioning Strategy The second factor that drove the success of the corporation in the countries where it penetrated was the positioning strategy. The strategy to obtain a strong position in the markets where it competes was developed considering the economic situation of the majority of the Latin American population, which is relatively weaker and more unstable and than the one in markets such as North America or Europe. With this in mind, America Movil developed a system of pre-paid cards, which to this date, has been the driving force of the company’s growth in the region. The advantage of this model lies in the fact that the corporation discovered that Latin Americans were more likely to become users of wireless communication services if they had the opportunity to pay for the service as they required it; avoiding long term contracts and potentially escalating debts, which, because of the unstable economical situation, could become impossible to pay. The customers were not the only ones beneficiated, since with this model, America Movil became able to considerably reduce collection costs and to avoid invoice defaults that on the long run, could have affected the revenues of the company as well as the number of their clients. There are, however, two main weaknesses in this model, the first one lying in the fact that this strategy can be relatively easily copied by its competitors and in the long run, it doesn’t represent a significant competitive advantage over them. The second disadvantage is that the revenues generated by this strategy are lower than the ones obtained by a post-paid model, which mean that its profitability is based on the volume. Nevertheless, this is currently not a problem for the company since over 83% of its customers are using the pre-paid option. Forecasts of the Wireless Market in Latin America As appreciated in exhibit 1, there are currently a huge number of unattended potential customers in the Latin American Market. This can be assumed by noticing that the overall penetration is 66%, with countries such as Argentina with an astonishing 97% penetration percentage while others important markets such as Brazil and Mexico are about 65%, a number that can be largely increased considering the pre-paid strategy used by America Movil, which simplifies and encourages the use of its service among the population. As seen in exhibit 4, according to the case, the forecast for the year 2012 expects an increase from 66% to 76% in the number of subscribers in the wireless market; this represents an increase of almost 50 million new customers, which, as analyzed earlier, are mostly expected to come from four countries: Brazil, Colombia, Mexico and Peru, which combined, have a population of unsubscribed potential customers of almost 130 million, while all of the other countries barely reach 22 million. This information can help the company focus their efforts in the markets mentioned before, while maintaining a relatively stable growth in the others, focusing mostly not in attracting new customers but in increasing the profitability of each one of them. Analysis and Forecasts of the Wireless Market in the rest of the world After analyzing the benefits of focusing on the organic growth of the company, it is also important to consider the option of expanding further into new non-natural markets for America Movil. The options available are the Asian, European and the Middle East/Africa and North American Market, where the company currently has a small operation. The main advantage of the Asian market is definitely its size; as the continent with the larger population, over 3,879,000,000 according to the World Atlas’ estimates of 2006, and over 10 times the population in South America; it’s definitely the most attractive market to consider. Nevertheless, there are two main barriers that might decrease the attractiveness of trying to penetrate in this market; the competitors and the enormous cultural differences between Asia and Latin America. The competition in Asia represent a huge threat for newcomers, since is the domestic market of China Mobile, the largest wireless corporation in the world with over $275 billion in revenue and the financial power to overwhelm any new entrant. In addition to this, the fact that, as in Latin America, America Movil is familiarized with the economic, social and cultural aspects of the population, China Mobile has a huge advantage and experience with the Asian culture. Europe is also another important market to consider, and the one that America Movil has been closer to penetrate in; however, the same problems arise, with the presence of Vodafone, a British corporation with over $152 Billion in revenue and the advantage of competing in a market in which the company is more familiar with. This in addition to the fact that, as stated in the case, Europe doesn’t seem to be ready to open to competitors from the new world, which mean that America Movil is going to have more trouble penetrating with its acquisitions strategy. Finally, North America doesn’t seem to be an attractive market due to its saturation and low expected growth of only 1. 2% and in the Middle East and Africa America Movil may end up making the same mistakes made by European and North American Corporations in Latin America, which is a weak positioning strategy. These are the reasons why the most feasible strategy is to focus on the organic growth, since the strengths that the company has in Latin America, specially the knowledge of the market, can become weaknesses when trying to expand to new markets where strong competitors already have the advantage of experience and economic power. Merger between America Movil and Telmex International The rapid technological changes in the telecommunications industry and the emergence of new players, combined with the reduction of traditional entry barriers and the rise of alternative service providers are forces that currently represent a huge threat for both America Movil and Telmex International. This is the reason why, taking advantage of being part of Carlos Slim’s Holdings, both companies should be able to establish synergy in the markets where they compete in order to offer a combination of services that would be more difficult, if not impossible, to provide by separate. Nevertheless, due to the significant differences in issues such as the infrastructure and strategies required to operate, a merger could not be the best option, however this doesn’t mean that both America Movil and Telmex International are not able to develop joint ventures or strategic alliances while working in specific project that might, in the long-term, increase their profitability, competitiveness and presence in the Latin American Markets. New trends in telecommunications such as the triple play which offers voice, date and video are rapidly acquiring popularity and obtaining an important share of the market, if Telmex International and America Movil can combine these with the wireless service, there is no doubt that they will obtain an important advantage in any of the countries where they establish. Cited Works Rullan, Samantha. America Movil, The Making of a Mexican Global Latina. 2008. INSEAD The Business School for the World America Movil. â€Å"2008 Annual Report. † 2008. 29th April 2010 http://www. americamovil. com/docs/reportes/eng/2008. pdf. World Atlas. Continents of the World. 2006. 29th April 2010 http://www. worldatlas. com/geoquiz/thelist. htm. How to cite America Movil – The Jaguar’s Next Move, Papers

Pneumothorax Mechanical Ventilation and Medicine Net Essay Sample free essay sample

Mechanical airing is the usage of life-support to execute the work of take a breathing for patients who are unable to take a breath on their ain or are critically badly. The First Mechanical Ventilation machine was used in 1938 called the â€Å"Iron Lung † which used negative force per unit area. Positive Mechanical ventilators began to be used in anaesthesia and intensive attention during the 1950s. The development was confirmed by the demand to handle polio patients and the increasing usage of musculus relaxation. during anaesthesia. Modern ventilators today are classified by the method of cycling from inspiratory stage to the expiative stage. Today we use positive airing over negative. negative is non as invasive but mimics normal external respiration but is uncomfortable. today it is non normally used. Positive-pressure airing means that force per unit area is applied at the patient’s lungs through an ETT or tracheotomy tubing. The positive force per unit area causes the gas to flux into the lungs until the ventilator breath has ended. As the air passage force per unit area drops back to nothing. elastic kick of the chest accomplishes inactive halitus by forcing the tidal volume out. Every patient is treated otherwise depending on the ground to cannulate. until we can extubate we have to repair the implicit in job. Prolonged mechanical airing can take to nosocomial pneumonia. cardiac morbidity. and decease. However. extubating a patient excessively shortly may ensue in holding to reintubate which can ensue in the same unwellnesss as drawn-out cannulation. â€Å"Respiratory healers start proving for the chance to cut down support really shortly after cannulation and reduces support at every opportunity† ( Cook 2000 ) . Most common manner of airing is AC-VC it provides a consistent breath-to-breath tidal volume. doing the tidal volume and rate preset and guaranteed. The patient can impute to the frequence and timing of the breaths. If the patient makes an inspiratory attempt. the ventilator senses a lessening in the circuit force per unit area and delivers the preset tidal volume. This manner the patient can find a comfy respiratory form and trigger extra breaths above the set rate. If the patient does non originate a breath. the ventilator automatically delivers the preset rate and volume. guaranting minimal Ve. Assist-control is better than controlled airing because the patient can trip the ventilator to present a breath and. adjust their Ve. In controlled airing. the patient receives merely breaths initiated by the ventilator at the preset rate. doing it hard and uncomfortable to hold self-generated breaths. If a patient needs controlled airing they should be sedated. Vc is best used in patients with normal lungs. Pressure control is increasing in popularity in the scene of acute lung hurt. or patients with terrible grownup respiratory hurt syndrome ( ARDS ) . There is no grounds that force per unit area control is better than volume control. Nonetheless the ability to easy command inspiratory clip. allows a more effectual direction of MAP. Pressure airing besides shows better gas distribution. but you can accomplish this in volume control by changing flow rates and inspiratory intermission. When a patient is placed on pressure-ventilation. the clinician ( RT ) sets the rate. inspiratory clip. positive terminal expiatory force per unit area ( PEEP ) . and most significantly. the peak airway force per unit area bound. When using pressure-control manner the patient can have as much inspiratory flow as needed. By restricting the delivered extremum air passage force per unit area. the RT helps restricting the hazard of barotraumas delivered to the lung. Pressure support is a method of helping self-generated external respiration in a ventilated patient. The patient controls all parts of the breath except the force per unit area bound. The patient triggers the ventilator. the ventilator delivers a flow up to a predetermined force per unit area bound depending on the coveted minute volume. the patient continues the breath. and flow rhythms off when a certain per centum of peak inspiratory flow has been reached. Tidal volumes may change. merely as they do in normal external respiration. PS the patient must be take a breathing to the full on their ain. SIMV will present a set figure of breaths. though the patient can still take a breath at their ain rate and VT on top of these preset breaths with a set PS. Both of these manners are used for ablactating intents to see if the patient is ready to be extubated. A Common respiratory job will see as RT’s is a pneumothorax. †A pneumothorax is a aggregation of free air in the thorax outside the lung that causes the lung to prostration. † ( Medicine Net 2012 ) . The first recognized pneumothorax was in 1803. and old ages subsequently Laennec himself described the full clinical image of it in 1819. The pneumothorax was reintroduced by the Danish doctor Hans Kjaergard in 1932. and In 1941. the sawboness Tyson and Crandall introduced pleural scratch for the intervention of pneumothorax. Today we recognize it most normally as self-generated pneumothorax which is called a primary or secondary. A primary pneumothorax occurs in patients that have no pneumonic diseases. Most normally seen in thin. immature males with a smoke Hx. A secondary pneumothorax occurs in patients with an underlying medical disease. such as COPD. cystic fibrosis. lung malignant neoplastic disease and Mar fan’s disease. If air enters the pleura infinite either by a hole in the lung or the chest wall. the force per unit area in the pleura infinite will be the force per unit area outside the organic structure. and doing the to lung to prostrations. Spontaneous pneumothorax is caused by a rupture of a cyst on the surface of the lung. Pneumothorax may besides happen by a fractured rib. gun shooting. and knifing. surgical scratch of the thorax. sometimes even surgical or cannulation mistake. â€Å"If a lung continues to leak air into the chest pit and ensuing in compaction of the chest constructions. including vass that return blood to the bosom. is referred to as a tenseness pneumothorax and can be fatal if non treated instantly. † ( Medicine Net 2012 ) . Symptoms of a pneumothorax include CP that normally sudden and onset. sometimes taking to stringency of the thorax and crisp combustion esthesis. Other symptoms include ; Sob. coughing. tachycardia. Tachypenic. and failing. The tegument may go c yanotic from a lessening in blood O degrees. In recent surveies an new device has come to assist handle pneumothorax. â€Å"A Small-bore catheters and Heimlich valves have been successfully used in the intervention of pneumothoraces in several surveies. The Thoracic Vent is a minimally invasive device for the intervention of pneumothorax. It consists of a polyurethane catheter connected to a fictile chamber incorporating a one-way valve. and positive force per unit area within the pleural infinite is indicated by a pressure-sensitive stop ( PSD ) contained within the fictile chamber. As there is no demand to link the Thoracic Vent to an submerged seal device. immobilisation and hospitalization can be avoided. † ( Consultant Physician. Glan Clwyd Hospital. Wales. 2007 ) . Basically it provides easier drainage and is compact. To find a Pneumothorax you would see a thorax X ray or hear no breath sounds over the collapsed lung. A big pneumothorax frequently requires aspiration of the free air by puting a thorax tubing to evacuate the air. â€Å"Having one pneumothorax increases the hazard of developing the status once more. The return rate for both primary and secondary pneumothorax is about 40 % ; most returns occur within 1. 5 to two old ages. † ( Medicine Net 2012 ) . A simple pneumothorax frequently is treated with a thorax tubing every bit good. If the simple pneumothorax is little you can utilize inspiration techniques with 100 % O to do self-generated enlargement of the collapsed lung. or a little catheter can be placed in the thorax and the air removed via suctioning techniques. A little pneumothorax may decide on its ain within two hebdomads. After multiple collapsed lungs or relentless prostration. surgical adhesion of the lung to the chest wall may be necessary. If patient is demoing marks of respiratory hurt with tachycardia. Tachypenic. hypotension and hypoxia they may necessitate to be intubated until the lungs have repaired. Pneumothorax is non a certain indicant for cannulation. but if a patient is holding an addition WOB and ABG shows impairment so the doctor may bespeak cannulation with a Personal computer manner. Patients with a pneumothorax have trauma to the thorax wall and are unable to spread out right so a thorax tubing might be in topographic point maintaining the lung unfastened. With a pneumothorax you would desire high force per unit areas and patients ain restriction of volume to rest the ventilator musculuss. avoid farther dynamic hyperinflation. and avoid over rising prices and acute alkalemia. To give a patient fixed volume could do barotraumas or over dilatation of the damaged lung doing the lung to go weaker. therefore increasing the hazard for a future pneumothorax. You need Vts of 5-7 mL/kg and a rapid inspiratory flow 80–100 L/min to maximise expiratory clip and avoid air pin downing. â€Å"Current best grounds indicates that a â€Å"lung-protective† airing scheme tha t keeps VT to a upper limit of 6 mL/kg predicted organic structure weight and avoids end-inspiratory tableland ( inactive ) force per unit areas above 30 centimeter H2O minimizes ventilator-induced lung hurt and reduces mortality. † ( Copyright  © 2008 University of Washington. ) In decision most pneumothorax patients are able to mend themselves. though others may necessitate more intercessions such as chest tubings or drains may be placed. It is common for patients who have had a pneumothorax to hold another happening. It is non as common for person to be intubated for a pneumothorax unless at that place in terrible hurt. If so most pulmonologist stated they would put the patient on force per unit area control to see that they don’t over inflate with to high of a tidal volume. If left untreated a pneumothorax can be life endangering and do decease. if you show any marks and symptoms don’t disregard them travel see a physician. This paper has helped me have a better apprehension of what a pneumothorax is and how its treated. and that it happens more frequently after you have already had one. I have non yet treated a patient with a pneumothorax but have treated a patient with a thorax tubing. I now know what to anticipate when handling these pati ents. There is no manner to forestall a collapsed lung. but you can diminish your hazard by non smoking! Mentions 1.  © 1998-2012 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research ( MFMER ) . All rights reserved. A individual transcript of these stuffs may be reprinted for noncommercial personal usage merely. â€Å"Mayo. † â€Å"Mayo Clinic. † â€Å"MayoClinic. com. † â€Å"EmbodyHealth. † â€Å"Enhance your life. † and the triple-shield Mayo Clinic logo are hallmarks of Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. 2. Light RW. Lee GY. Pneumothorax. chylothorax. haemothorax. and fibrothorax. In: Mason RJ. Murray JF. Broaddus VC. Nadler JA. explosive detection systems. Textbook of Respiratory Medicine. 4th erectile dysfunction. Philadelphia. Pa: Saunders Elsevier ; 2005: fellow 69. 3.  ©1996-2012 MedicineNet. Inc. 4.  © 1998-2012 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. All rights reserved 5.  © Pilbeam Mechanical Ventilation. 2006 6. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. touchbriefings. com/pdf/2901/ambalaranan. pdf. 2007 airway direction article. 7. Pierson DJ. Invasive mechanical airing. In Albert RK. Spiro SG. Jett JR. explosive detection systems. Clinical respiratory medical specialty. London/Philadelphia. Saunders. 2nd edition. 2004:189-209. MacIntyre NR. Cook DJ. Guyatt GH. explosive detection systems. Evidence-based guidelines for ablactating and stoping ventilatory support. American College of Chest Physicians. American Association for Respiratory Care. and American College of Critical Care Medicine. Chest. 2001 Dec ; 120 ( 6 Suppl ) :375S-484S.

spanish Essay Example For Students

spanish Essay ELEMENTARYCURRICULUM PROJECTThird Grade Topics (Last Updated: Aug 1, 2010) Names / Greetings / Numbers / Alphabet (4 lessons) Weather / Seasons (4 lessons; 2 extra lessons) Pastimes (4 lessons) Family (2 lessons) Animals (7 lessons) Body and Five Senses (3 lessons) Four Elements (1 lesson) Planets (4 lessons) Calendar: Days / Months / Dates (1 lesson) Extra:10. House 11. City (includes review of Seasons plus sports terminology) 12. Market 13. Signs / Maps / Directions / Location Author Mrs. E ThompsonTopic: Names / Greetings / Numbers / Alphabet(Last Updated: July 18, 2006) Objectives:Note: This topic is repeated from previous grades. More or less time should be spent on each subtopic, depending on background of students, and math calculations can be increased as students master the numbers. Students will be able to understand and use ? Se llama ____? and ?Me llamo___? , Muy bien, gracias, Adi?s. (This should be review from earlier years) Students will understand and respond appropr iately to: ?C?mo se llama?, ?C?mo te llamas?, Muchas gracias. Students will be able to greet people with: Buenos d?as, ?C?mo est?s? Students will be able to see, hear, and say numbers 0-20. Students will understand m?s, menos, son. Students will understand and respond to: ?Cu?nto cuesta? Students will carry out math calculations: addition, subtraction, multiplication (if this has been covered in English) Students will be introduced to the alphabet in Spanish Topic: Weather / Seasons (Last Updated: July 18, 2006) Objectives:Students will be introduced to el tiempo. Students will use appropriately: hace fr?o/calor/buen tiempo/mal tiempo . Students will use appropriately: hay sol/lluvia/nieve/viento/nubes. Students will use ?Qu? tiempo hace? Students will compare weather in Duluth and different parts of the Spanish-speaking world. Students will understand a story about the weather. We will write a custom essay on spanish specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Students will learn the four seasons: primavera, verano, oto?o, invierno Students will associate weather with each season Students will learn the differences in connections between timing of seasons in northern and southern hemispheresTopic: Pastimes (Last Updated: June 23, 2006) Objectives:Students will learn about different pastimes that are popular in Spanish-speaking countries (f?tbol m?sica: tango/flamenco) Students will understand f?tbol vocabulary: f?tbol, pelota, jugador, equipo; aficionado, gol, golero, cancha; mirar, jugar Students will learn active vocabulary: me gusta; S?; No, no Students will respond appropriately to the following expressions: jueguen con la pelota; d?nle con el pie; tiren la pelota; agarren la pelota; ?gol! Students will understand: Eres/Soy aficionado de . Students will learn about two types of music and dancing that are popular in the Spanish-speaking world: flamenco, tango Students will locate on map where this music is popular Students will underst and dance and music vocabulary: m?sica, flamenco, tango, guitarra, viol?n, bandone?n, bailar, escuchar, tocar, cantar Student will understand different pastime activities: leer, correr, nadar, saltar, jugar, mirar televisi?n, cantar, caminar, tocar m?sica Student will be able to say what s/he does: Leo, corro, nado, salto, miro televisi?n, canto, camino, toco m?sica; juego Students will review alphabet through spelling of wordsTopic: Family (Last Updated: June 23, 2006) Objectives:Students will understand the following terms: la familia, el padre, la madre, el hermano, la hermana, el abuelo, la abuela Students will identify these people in pictures of families: Es . Students will tell peoples names: Se llama, Me llamo Students will be able to say how many people there are in their family: Somos + # Students will plot the number of family members among their classmates Students will describe activities of people: baila, toca m?sica, cocina, come Students will look understand family a ctivities/members in Mexican family Topic: Animals (Last Updated: July 12, 2006) Objectives:Students will understand how animals move (caminan, vuelan, nadan, corren; r?pido, lento) and different places for animals to live (casa, jard?n, granja, mar, bosque tropical, zool?gico) Students will identify where animals live Students will be able to say: Vive en, Come, Es grande/peque?o, Es anfibio/ Students will identify animals of Spanish-speaking world: loro, quetzal, c?ndor, tuc?n, coqu?, jaguar, toro, llama, urraca Students will identify other animals: gato, caballo, vaca, pato, cerdo/chancho, perro, mariposa, abeja, ara?a, rat?n, conejo, ardilla, serpiente, p?jaro, rana, pez, caballo de mar, gaviota, cangrejo, tortuga, tibur?n, pulpo, cerdo, burro, gallina, pavo, oveja, cocodrilo, elefante, le?n, buho, oso, mono Students will listen to and understand stories about animals Students will understand vocabulary related to butterflies: patas, alas, antenas, mariposa, huevos, oruga, masti car, morder, piel, crecer, comer, insectos, hojas, pupa, volar, n?ctar Students will view pictures of butterflies of the Spanish-speaking world Students will learn sounds made by different animals Students will classify animals by kind: anfibio, ave, mam?fero, reptil Students will understand animal vertebrado Topic: Body and Five Senses (Last Updated: July 14, 2006) Objectives:Students will identify the following parts of the body: cabeza, pelo, ojos, orejas, o?do, nariz, boca, lengua, dientes, labios, nuca, hombros, brazos, manos, dedos, pecho, barriga/est?mago, piernas, rodillas, pies, dedos; time permitting, cintura, barbilla) Students will identify the parts of the body used in the five senses (o?do, nariz, lengua, mano, ojo) Students will understand and identify the terms for the five senses: o?r, oler, saborear, tocar, ver; oigo, huelo, saboreo, toco, veo Students will understand adjectives which describe their world: duro/suave/?spero/peludo/espinoso, fuerte/bajo, dulce/amarg o, grande/peque?o, bien/mal Students will associate activities they do with appropriate body partsTopic: Colors (Last Updated: July 14, 2006) Objectives:Given a color word in Spanish, students will point to a specific object of that color (rojo, amarillo, verde, caf?, blanco, anaranjado, negro, azul, gris, p?rpura/morado). Topic: Physical Responces and Vocabulary(Last Updated: July 17, 2006) Objectives:Students will physically respond to simple directions: Lev?ntate, Si?ntate, Formen una l?nea/un c?rculo, Levanta la mano, Manos abajo, Ojos aqu?, Boca cerrada, Escuchen, Repitan, P?salo, D?melo When given two vocabulary choices (Es _______ o _________?), OR when asked to point to a picture, students will correctly identify certain animals (abeja, oveja, tortuga, gusano, oso, tigre, tibur?n), schoolroom vocabulary (bandera, tijeras, papel, l?piz), travel vocabulary (monta?a, valle, calle, tren, avi?n, autob?s, cami?n, barco), food vocabulary (helado, hamburguesa, tomate, chocolate, lec huga, fresas, leche, manzanas, uvas, naranjas). Topic: Calendar: Days / Months / Dates(Last Updated: July 18, 2006) Objectives:Students will hear and use the days, months of the year: lunes, martes, mi?rcoles, jueves, viernes, s?bado, domingo; enero, febrero, marzo, abril, mayo, junio, julio, agosto, septiembre, octubre, noviembre, diciembre Students will review the seasons: primavera, verano, oto?o, invierno Students will practice writing dates: el + # de + month Students will connect months to appropriate season, in N. and S. Hemispheres Topic: House (Last Updated: September 22, 2005) Objectives:Students will hear, see and use terms of the house: la casa, el apartamento, la ciudad, el campo, el palacio; el cuarto de ba?o, la sala, el dormitorio, la cocina, el s?tono, el garaje, la primera planta, la planta baja, el ?tico. Students will understand vocabulary for items associated with each room. Students will understand and use: ?Cu?nto cuesta (por mes)?, Cuesta Students will hear and respond to: ?Cu?nto cuesta (por mes)?, De que cuarto es Students will create and present an ad for housing. Students will draw and label a representation of their house. Topic: City (Last Updated: July 13, 2006) Objectives:Students will hear and use the terms: la ciudad, la plaza, el calle, el mercado, el puente, la fuente, el parque, la glorieta, el estadio, el museo, el cuadro, la escultura Students will associate/compare these city structures with similar structures in their own town. Students will understand and respond accordingly to: ?C?mo es?, ?Cu?ndo se usa? Students will use descriptive frases: Es grande/bonito. Students will talk about when they are used: Se usa en el invierno/la primavera/el verano/el oto?o/todas las estaciones. Students will take a virtual tour of museums from the Spanish-speaking world Students will talk about art works they like: Me gustaTopic: ClothingObjectives:Students will recognize items of clothing: falda, pantalones, camisa, camiseta, calcet ines, sombrero/gorra/gorro, vestido, guantes, gafas de sol, botas, pantalones cortos, bufanda.

This is a pro and con essay about weather there should be gun control in the united States

This is a pro and con essay about weather there should be gun control in the united States No Longer NeededAudience- The English 101 teachers and anyone who supports the use of guns.As life began humans only knew two things, they must survive and mate. In the survival category fell gathering food and protecting themselves from other creatures. As humans began to develop, weapons were invented. For example, first there were spears, then bows and arrows, and eventually guns. Guns became a necessity to hunt for food and to protect themselves from other, harmful people. This was the case when the United States of America was formed. Since then, over 200 years ago, the military has become very powerful and the need to hunt has been eliminated by ranches and slaughterhouses. For this reason, and many others, the question to ask is why guns should be illegal for the public to use and possess in the United States.As guns become more common in the household, they because more available to kids.Kids with gunsIn today's society kids have to go to school scared, no knowing if they wil l be shot by a crazy classmate. Over the past ten years there has been a huge rise in school shootings. Something else very alarming is each year more than 35,000 people are killed by guns (Gun Control par. 2). Attacks made with a gun are five times more likely to result in death than similar attacks that are made with a knife (Gun Control par. 2) and in 1997 guns were used in approximately 70 percent of the murders in the United States (Gun Control par. 2).The statistics about un violence are alarming, even with these outrageous statistics, supporters of the right to bear guns always turn to the second amendment of the constitution. It states "A will-regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free state,

MSC COURSEWORK IN MANAGEMENT QUANTITATIVE METHODS AND EXCEL Assignment

MSC COURSEWORK IN MANAGEMENT QUANTITATIVE METHODS AND EXCEL - Assignment Example The scatter diagram for the individual purchase share (IPS) showed that customers spend from 30-60 per cent of their total income on Hindon products. Meanwhile, the histograms revealed that customer ratings were widely dispersed for Factors 1, 2, 3, 4 and 7, whereas Factors 5 and 6, IPS and overall satisfaction were found to be moderately dispersed. The combined scatterplots for Factors 8 and Factors 1 to 7, showed that: (1) Factor 8 has a very strong relationship with Factor 5 and overall satisfaction; (2) Factor 8 has a substantial to very strong association with Factors 1 and 2; and (3) Factor 8 has a low to moderate relationship with Factors 3, 6 and 7, although 7 tends to be negatively correlated with Factor 8. All these three generalizations were verified using correlation analysis. The complete workings with 26 figures and two tables are shown in Appendix 1. 2. The HD management is interested in finding out the average perceptions of HD  Factors 1 to 7 as seen by all of its customers. Do calculations to produce information on what you can say about these average perceptions on the basis of your sample.   Answers: The average customer satisfaction ratings are as follows: For Factor 1, 3.5; for Factor 2, 7.9, for Factor 3, 5.2; for Factor 4, 2.4; for Factor 5, 2.9; for Factor 6, 2.7; and for Factor 7, 7.0. From the average perceptions, it may be concluded that among Factors 1 to 7, Factor 2 or the design factor obtained the most favourable rating of 7.9 from the customers, followed by Factor 7 or the website quality factor with the second most favourable rating of 7.0. Factor 3 or the reliability factor was rated to be mediocre from an average of 5.2. The rest of the factors received very low ratings, with Factor 4 or the price factor getting the lowest average rating of 2.4. 3. The management of HD

Joseph Brant Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Joseph Brant - Essay Example Perhaps no Freemason who ever lived in America has been so condemned by some authors and praised by others as Joseph Brant, the powerful and influential Mohawk chief who sided with the British during the American Revolutionary War.Born at Cuyahoga Ohio Country on the banks of the Cuyahoga River, near present-day Akron, Ohio, during the hunting season when Mohawks travelled to the area, Brant was originally named Thayendanegea, which has possibilities of meaning two wagers (sticks) bound together for strength, or "he who places two bets." The parents of Joseph Brant were Mohawks whose home was at Canajoharie on the Mohawk River in New York. Brant, however, was born on the banks of the Ohio River in 1742 while his parents were on a hunting excursion to that region.(1) His father was Nickus (or "Nicholas") of the Wolfe family, who, although not a chief, was a Mohawk of some standing in the tribe. His mother Margaret, or Owandah, the niece of Tiaogeara, a Caughnawaga sachem, took Joseph and his older sister Mary , alsoknown as Molly, to Canajoharie, on the Mohawk River in east-central New York, where she had lived before her family moved to the Ohio River. His mother remarried on 9 September 1753 in Fort Hunter (Church of England) a widower named Brant Canagaraduncka, who was a sachem of the tribe. Thus he got the name of Brant.Sir William Johnson, the British superintendent of the northern Indians of America, who was extremely popular with the tribes under his supervision, developed a liking for Brant when he was just in his youth. During his time with the Iroquois, Johnson became particularly close to the Mohawk tribes. He was also a Mason and a former Provincial Grand Master of the New York colony. In 1759 Johnson's wife, Catherine died and he then married his Indian mistress who happened to be Brant's sister, Molly in an Indian ceremony later that year. It was due largely to Johnsons relationship with Molly that Brant received the favor and protection of Sir William and through him the British government, which set Brant on the road to promotion. Brant and a number of young Mohawks were selected by Johnson to attend Moors Charity School for Indians at Lebanon, Connecticut- the school which was later to become Dartmouth College. Here he learned to speak and write English and was introduced to Western history and literature studies. He is the only one of those chosen known to have derived any benefit from the educational process standing at that time. He left school to serve under Sir William from 1755-1759 during the French and Indian War (1754-1763). After these participatons, he became Sir William's close companion and helped him run the Indian Department which was administered by the British out of Quebec. He was also assigned the work of an interpreter for an Anglican missionary and helped translate the prayer book and Gospel of Mark into the Mohawk language, which he did in a quite orderly fashion. About 1768 he married Christine, the daughter of an Oneida chief, whom he had met in school. He then settled with her on a farm near Canajoharie which he had inherited. While here, Brant assisted in revising the Mohawk prayer book and translating the Acts of the Apostles into the Mohawk language. He also joined the Anglican Church, was a regular communicant, and evinced a great desire to bring Christianity to his people. His wife died of tuberculosis about 1771, leaving him with a son and a daughter. In 1773, he married his wife's sister, Susannah, who died a few months afterward, also of tuberculosis. In 1780, he married Catherine Adonwentishon Croghan, the daughter of the prominent American colonist, Indian agent, fur trader, and New York-Pennsylvania-Ohio landowner/speculator George Croghan and a Mohawk mother, Catharine Tekarihoga. They had seven children: Joseph, Jacob, John, Margaret, Catherine(2), Mary and Elizabeth. Through her mother, Catharine Adonwentishon was head of the Turtle

Science and Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Science and Technology - Essay Example The division between science and technology has a long history, but there have been numerous instances when science has furthered the efforts of technology or vice versa and this has brought the two fields into closer contact. For most of history, there has been a sharp division between science and technology. Dan Berger (2000) points out that science is â€Å"the investigation of nature† while technology is â€Å"how we get things done.† As a result, there is no need for the two fields to co-exist. Throughout history, this has proven again and again to be the case. Berger illustrates how the Greeks tended to have a great deal of science, but not so much technology, primarily because the thinkers and the artisans were isolated from each other through a highly exclusive social system. At roughly the same period in time, the Egyptians had a high level of technological knowledge, but not a great deal of science because, while they had great ambitions and ideas, they tended to discourage any close questioning of their traditional belief systems. In his book Society and Technological Change, Rudi Volti addresses these concepts as well as he traces the relationship between science and technology t hrough the Roman era, the Middle Ages and into the Renaissance. In spite of this, it has often been seen throughout history that science has helped to inform significant technological advancements at the same time that technological advancements have helped to further science. In the past, it has typically been the discoveries of science that were translated, eventually, into uses of technology. An example of this might be discovered in the ‘science’ of Leonardo da Vinci, who spent a great deal of time studying the mechanical processes at work that enable a bird to fly. Although he felt he understood the process, these discoveries

The European Union: International Relations

The European Union: International Relations The European Union (EU) is an economic and political union of 27 member states, located primarily in Europe. Committed to regional integration, the EU was established by the Treaty of Maastricht on 1 November 1993 upon the foundations of the European Economic Community. With almost 500 million citizens, the EU combined generates an estimated 30% share (US$18.4 trillion in 2008) of the nominal gross world product and about 22% of the PPP gross world product. The EU has developed a single market through a standardised system of laws which apply in all member states, ensuring the free movement of people, goods, services, and capital. It maintains common policies on trade, agriculture, fisheries and regional development. Sixteen member states have adopted a common currency, the euro, constituting the Eurozone. The EU has developed a limited role in foreign policy, having representation at the WTO, G8, G20 and at the UN. It enacts legislation in justice and home affairs, including the abolition of passport controls by the Schengen agreement between 22 EU and 3 non-EU states. As an international organisation, the EU operates through a hybrid system of supranationalism and intergovernmentalism. In certain areas, decisions are made through negotiation between member states, while in others, independent supranational institutions are responsible without a requirement for unanimity between member states. Important institutions and bodies of the EU include the European Commission, the Council of the European Union, the European Council, the European Court of Justice, and the European Central Bank. The European Parliament is elected every five years by member states citizens, to whom the citizenship of the European Union is guaranteed. The EU originates from the European Coal and Steel Community formed among six countries in 1951 and the Treaty of Rome in 1957. Since then, the EU has evolved through a process of enlargement, while new policy areas have been added to the remit of its institutions. HISTORY After the end of the Second World War, moves towards European integration were seen by many as an escape from the extreme forms of nationalism which had devastated the continent. One such attempt to unite Europeans was the European Coal and Steel Community which, while having the modest aim of centralised control of the previously national coal and steel industries of its member states, was declared to be a first step in the federation of Europe. The originators and supporters of the Community include Jean Monnet, Robert Schuman, Paul Henri Spaak and Alcide de Gasperi. The founding members of the Community were Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and West Germany. In 1957, these six countries signed the Treaties of Rome which extended the earlier cooperation within the European Coal and Steel Community and created the European Economic Community, (EEC) establishing a customs union and the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) for cooperation in developing nuclear energy. In 1967 the Merger Treaty created a single set of institutions for the three communities, which were collectively referred to as the European Communities (EC), although commonly just as the European Community. In 1973 the Communities enlarged to include Denmark, Ireland and the United Kingdom. Norway had negotiated to join at the same time but Norwegian voters rejected membership in a referendum and so Norway remained outside. In 1979 the first direct, democratic elections to the European Parliament were held. Greece joined in 1981, and Spain and Portugal in 1986. In 1985 the Schengen Agreement led the way toward the creation of open borders without passport controls between most member states and some non-member states. In 1986 the European flag began to be used by the Community and the Single European Act was signed. In 1990, after the fall of the Iron Curtain, the former East Germany became part of the Community as part of a newly united Germany. With enlargement toward Eastern and Central Europe on the agenda, the Copenhagen criteria for candidate members to join the European Union were agreed. The European Union was formally established when the Maastricht Treaty came into force on 1 November 1993, and in 1995 Austria, Sweden and Finland joined the newly established EU. In 2002, euro notes and coins replaced national currencies in 12 of the member states. Since then, the eurozone has increased to encompass sixteen countries, with Slovakia joining the eurozone on 1 January 2009. In 2004, the EU saw its biggest enlargement to date when Malta, Cyprus, Slovenia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Hungary joined the Union. On 1 January 2007, Romania and Bulgaria became the EUs newest members and Slovenia adopted the euro. In June 2009 the 2009 elections which later led to a renewal of Barrosos Commission Presidency and in July of that year Iceland formally applied for EU membership. On 1 December 2009 the Lisbon Treaty came into force after a protracted and controversial birth. This reformed many aspects of the EU but in particular created a permanent President of the European Council, the first of which is Herman van Rompuy, and a strengthened High Representative; Catherine Ashton. MEMBER STATES The European Union is composed of 27 sovereign Member States: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. Only six of these France, (then-West) Germany, Italy, and the three already integrated Benelux countries; Belgium, Netherlands, and Luxembourg were members at the start, with membership having grown as countries willingly accede to the treaties and by doing so, pool sovereignty in exchange for representation in the institutions. To join the EU a country must meet the Copenhagen criteria, defined at the 1993 Copenhagen European Council. These require a stable democracy that respects human rights and the rule of law; a functioning market economy capable of competition within the EU; and the acceptance of the obligations of membership, including EU law. Evaluation of a countrys fulfilment of the criteria is the responsibility of the European Council. No member state has ever left the Union, although Greenland (an autonomous province of Denmark) withdrew in 1985. The Lisbon Treaty now provides a clause dealing with how a member leaves the EU. There are three official candidate countries, Croatia, Macedonia and Turkey. Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Serbia and Iceland are officially recognised as potential candidates. Kosovo is also listed as a potential candidate but the European Commission does not list it as an independent country because not all member states recognise it as an independent country separate from Serbia. Four Western European countries that have chosen not to join the EU have partly committed to the EUs economy and regulations: Iceland, which has now applied for membership, Liechtenstein and Norway, which are a part of the single market through the European Economic Area, and Switzerland, which has similar ties through bilateral treaties. The relationships of the European microstates, Andorra, Monaco, San Marino and the Vatican include the use of the euro and other areas of co-operation. GEOGRAPHY The territory of the EU consists of the combined territories of its 27 member states with some exceptions, outlined below. The territory of the EU is not the same as that of Europe, as parts of the continent are outside the EU, such as Switzerland, Norway, European Russia, and Iceland. Some parts of member states are not part of the EU, despite forming part of the European continent (for example the Isle of Man and Channel Islands (two Crown Dependencies), and the Faroe Islands, a territory of Denmark). The island country of Cyprus, a member of the EU, is closer to Turkey than to mainland Europe and is often considered part of Asia. Several territories associated with member states that are outside geographic Europe are also not part of the EU (such as Greenland, Aruba, the Netherlands Antilles, and all the non-European British overseas territories). Some overseas territories are part of the EU even though geographically not part of Europe, such as the Azores, the Canary Islands, Madeira, Lampedusa, French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique and RÃ ©union, Ceuta and Melilla. As well, although being technically part of the EU, EU law is suspended in Northern Cyprus as it is under the de facto control of the Turkish Republic of North Cyprus, a self-proclaimed state that is recognised only by Turkey. The EUs member states cover an area of 4,422,773 square kilometres (1,707,642 sq mi). The EU is larger in area than all but six countries, and its highest peak is Mont Blanc in the Graian Alps, 4,807 metres (15,771 ft) above sea level. The landscape, climate, and economy of the EU are influenced by its coastline, which is 65,993 kilometres (41,006 mi) long. The EU has the worlds second-longest coastline, after Canada. The combined member states share land borders with 19 non-member states for a total of 12,441 kilometres (7,730 mi), the fifth-longest border in the world. Including the overseas territories of member states, the EU experiences most types of climate from Arctic to tropical, rendering meteorological averages for the EU as a whole meaningless. The majority of the population lives in areas with a Mediterranean climate (Southern Europe), a temperate maritime climate (Western Europe), or a warm summer continental or hemiboreal climate (Eastern Europe). GOVERNANCE The EUs work is divided into three areas of responsibility, called pillars. The original European Community policies form the first pillar, while the second consists of Common Foreign and Security Policy. The third pillar originally consisted of Justice and Home Affairs, however owing to changes introduced by the Amsterdam and Nice treaties, it has been reduced to Police and Judicial Co-operation in Criminal Matters (other matters were transferred to the Community). Broadly speaking, the second and third pillars can be described as the intergovernmental pillars because the supranational institutions of the Commission, Parliament and the Court of Justice play less of a role or none at all, while the lead is taken by the intergovernmental Council of Ministers and the European Council (which operate more by consensus than majority in these pillars). Most activities of the EU come under the first, Community pillar. This is mostly an economically oriented pillar and is where the supranati onal institutions have the most influence. The activities of the EU are regulated by a number of institutions and bodies that carry out the tasks and policies set out in the Treaties. These procedures are all subject to the principle of subsidiarity which requires that action only be taken at EU level where an objective cannot be sufficiently achieved by the member states alone. The EU receives its political leadership from the European Council, which usually meet four times a year. It comprises one representative per member state-either its head of state or head of government-plus its President as well as the President of the Commission. The member states representatives are assisted by their Foreign Ministers. The European Council uses its leadership role to sort out disputes between member states and the institutions, and to resolve political crises and disagreements over controversial issues and policies. On 19 November 2009, Herman Van Rompuy was chosen to become the first permanent President of the European Council. He took office on 1 December 2009. The European Council should not be mistaken for the Council of Europe, an international organisation independent from the EU. By virtue of a rotating presidency, every member state takes the helm of the EU for a period of six months during which that countrys representatives chair the meetings of the Council of Ministers. The member state holding the presidency typically uses it to drive a particular policy agenda such as economic reform, reform of the EU itself, enlargement, or furthering European integration. INSTITUTIONS The European Commission acts as the EUs executive arm and is responsible for initiating legislation and the day-to-day running of the EU. It is intended to act solely in the interest of the EU as a whole, as opposed to the Council which consists of leaders of member states who reflect national interests. The commission is also seen as the motor of European integration. It is currently composed of 27 commissioners for different areas of policy, one from each member state. The President of the Commission and all the other commissioners are nominated by the Council. Appointment of the Commission President, and also the Commission in its entirety, have to be confirmed by Parliament. The European Parliament forms one half of the EUs legislature. The 736 Members of the European Parliament (MEPs) are directly elected by EU citizens every five years. Although MEPs are elected on a national basis, they sit according to political groups rather than their nationality. Each country has a set number of seats. The Parliament and the Council of Ministers form and pass legislation jointly, using co-decision, in certain areas of policy. This procedure has extend to many new areas under the Treaty of Lisbon, and hence increase the power and relevance of the Parliament. The Parliament also has the power to reject or censure the Commission and the EU budget. The President of the European Parliament carries out the role of speaker in parliament and represents it externally. The president and vice presidents are elected by MEPs every two and a half years. The Council of the European Union (sometimes referred to as the Council of Ministers) forms the other half of the EUs legislature. It consists of a government minister from each member states and meets in different compositions depending on the policy area being addressed. Notwithstanding its different compositions, it is considered to be one single body. In addition to its legislative functions, the Council also exercises executive functions in relations to the Common Foreign and Security Policy. The judicial branch of the EU consists of the European Court of Justice (ECJ) and the Court of First Instance. Together they interpret and apply the treaties and the law of the EU. The Court of First Instance mainly deals with cases taken by individuals and companies directly before the EUs courts, and the ECJ primarily deals with cases taken by member states, the institutions and cases referred to it by the courts of member states. Decisions from the Court of First Instance can be appealed to the Court of Justice but only on a point of law.

The Myth of the Lost Cause :: American America History

The Myth of the Lost Cause Following the defeat of the Confederacy and to lift the morale of a shattered people momentum gathered to enshrine the Myth of the Lost Cause which would transform the Southern soldier living and dead, into a veritable hero. In order to come to terms with defeat and a look of failure in the eyes of God, Southerners mentally transformed their memories of the antebellum South. It became a superior civilization of great purity which had been cruelly brought down by the materialistic Yankees. At the head of this revival was the memory of Stonewall Jackson, closely followed by Robert E. Lee (who would rise to the prominent position following his death in 1870). Other generals of the Confederacy who had died during the war followed, as did those who would pass on later. D.H. Hill, a friend of Longstreet published LAND WE LOVE, a magazine devoted to Literature, Military History and Agriculture. In 1869 Hill sold out to a Baltimore periodical, NEW ECLECTIC, which in the same year became the SOUTHERN MAGAZINE, official organ of the SOUTHERN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION. In 1871 it changed its name to the SOUTHERN MAGAZINE and together with a later periodical, SOUTHERN BIVOUAC kept the memory of the War alive and fresh in the public mind. Filled with poems and stories of loyalty to the LOST CAUSE sent in by veterans. Hill was Stonewall Jackson's brother in law and he filled the magazine with stories, anecdotes and poems of the now legendary general. Other Confederate heroes received their share of attention from a flood of material supplied by readers commemorating Southern dead and using religion to explain the defeat. Book - writing was prolific in the '70s & '80s mainly from veterans but much on the romanticism of the Cause from women. The most prominent of the writer of the period was John Esten Cooke, who was related by birth and marriage to virtually all the prominent families of Virginia he helped enshrine the Confederate dead into chivalric knights and symbols of the LOST CAUSE. Cooke's impressive literary output polarized Southern perceptions of the War transforming the stigma of defeat into a badge of honour that Confederate veterans could wear proudly. His portrayal of the War as a wonderful adventure, in which participation was an honour. When Lee died on 12 Oct. 1870 he was one of a significant number of Confederate heroes running second to Jackson.

Features of HRM

Human resources refers to the people that work for an organization and the capabilities of these people. The fun resource management covers (HRM) all the activities that are designed to acquire, preserve, develop and use th in an organization. The basic purpose of HRM is to make effective and efficient use of human resources of an o towards achievement of the goals and objectives of the organization. The various areas of influence of the HRM include the following. Determination of the right quality and quantity of different types of human resource assets required by th meet its current and future requirements. Determining and implementing business policies and practices that are best suited to acquire, develop, re effectively the human resources in the organization. ?Recruitment of people. Ongoing management of activities related to remuneration of people and development and maintenance organizational culture and work environment, conducive to effective and efficient working of people as groups. ?Providing support for recruitment of the required people in the organization. Providing support for decision making on increment, promotions, transfer and other similar people relate organization. Providing support for ongoing development and training of the people, in line with requirement of the or current availability of skills and capabilities. Pervasive Force: HRM is pervasive in nature. Ii is present in all enterprises. It permeates all levels of organization Action Oriented: HRM focuses attention on action rather than on record keeping, written proced problems of employees at work are solved through rational policies. Individually Oriented: It tries to help employees develop their full potential. It encourages them to gi organization. It motivates employees through a systematic process of recruitment, selection, training coupled with fare wages. People Oriented: HRM is all about at work, both as individuals and groups. It tries to put people on ass to produce good results. The resultant gains are used to reward people and motivate tem towards furthe productivity. Future Oriented: Effective HRM helps an organization meet its goals in the future by providingwell-motivated employees. Development Oriented: HRM intends to develop the full potential of employees. The reward structure is of employees. Training is offered to sharpen and improve their skills. Employees are rotated on variou gain experience and exposure. Every attempt is made to use their talents fully in the service of organizat Integrating mechanism: HRM tries to build and maintain cordial relations between people working at v organization. IN short, it tries to integrate human assets in the best possible manner in the service of an o Comprehensive function: HRM is to some extent concerned with any organizational decision wh workforce or the potential workforce. Auxiliary Service: HR department exist to assist and advise the line or operating managers to do their pe effectively. HR manager is a specialist advisor. It is a staff function. Inter-disciplinary function: HRM is a multi-disciplinary activity, utilizing knowledge and inputs drawn sociology, anthropology, economic etc. To unravel the mystery surrounding the human brain, managers and appreciate the contributions of all such â€Å"soft† disciplines Continuous function: According to Terry, HRM is not a one shot deal. It cannot be practiced only one h week. It requires a constant alertness and awareness of human relations and their importance in everyday Explain On-Job and Off Job Training. Trainings in an organization can be divided to two broad types. They are on-the-job trainings and off-the-jon-the-job trainings are given to the employees while they are conducting their regular works at the same place do not lose time while they are training or learning. After a plan is developed for what should be taught, em informed about the details. A time table should be establish with periodic evaluations to inform employees ab On-the-job training techniques include orientations, job instruction training, apprenticeships, internships, rotation and coaching. Employee training at the place of work while he or she is doing the actual job. Usually a professional trainer experienced employee) serves as the course instructor using hands-on training often supported by formalclassr Training methods are usually classified by the location of instruction. On-the-job training: With on the job training, employees receive training whilst remaining in the workplace. The main methods of one-the-job training include: *Demonstration / instruction – showing the trainee how to do the job Coaching – a more intensive method of training that involves a close working relationship between an experienced employee and the trainee *Job rotation – where the trainee is given several jobs in succession, to gain experience of a wide range of acti (e. g. a graduate management trainee might spend periods in several different departments) *Projects – employees join a project team – which gives them exposure to other parts of the busines s and allow to take part in new activities. Most successful project teams are â€Å"multi-disciplinary†. OFF-THE-JOB training. This occurs when employees are taken away from their place of work to be trained. Common methods of include: Under this method of training, the trainee is separated from the job situation and his attention is focuse material related to his future job performance. Off-the-job techniques include lectures, special study, audio or discussions, case studies, role playing, simulation, programmed instructions, and laboratory trainin techniques are too costly. This is any form of training which takes place away from the immediate wor training includes more general skills and knowledge useful for work, as well as job-specific training. rovided by specialist trainers working for National Grid or by an outside company hired to help with tr training is particularly effective for non-technical skills, as employees can use these across different areas of Off Job training methods are as follows: a)Vestibule training: In this method, actual work conditions are stimulated in a c lass room. Material, files, an that are used in actual job performance are also used in the training. b)Role playing: It is defined as a method of human interaction that involves realistic behavior in imaginary situ of training involves action, doing and practice.

Why You Return to a Story to Revise

Why You Return to a Story to Revise Free Online Research Papers Revision has always been difficult work for me. Often I will let an idea tumble around in my head for a few weeks or months (in some cases, years), and one day I am caught up in a sort of fever and I sit down and write it out. Usually, one of two things happens; either I am immediately sure that I’m created a work of surpassing genius and set it gently aside to wait until my work is finally appreciated, or I am immediately disgusted by the vile abortion I’ve foisted off on the innocent world and I quickly set it aside before anyone can see it. In either case, nothing further happens. In a plastic tub in my closet I have some solid gold stories from Jr. High School, just waiting until the public is ready for them. Now, in many of my college classes, I have been required to return to a story and revise it. A funny thing happens with this process. I find that those perfect stories often have obvious errors†¦weird and disconcerting point of view shifts, rickety plot devices, wooden dialogue. They are still pretty good, but they need to be spruced up, and maybe in retrospect some of the characters’ behavior doesn’t make sense, and a little color text needs to be added. Often, the imperfection is what strikes me, and the end result of the revision is much better than the original, although I am less confident in it. On the other hand, while I loathe returning to the apparent failures, I’ve found that they are like infected boils. Covering them up and keeping them still in a dry place without stimulus for a while makes them a lot better. Generally, a good idea and some hard work will leave you with a product from which something can be culled, no matter how bad it looked the first time. I consider working with â€Å"failed† stories to be akin to surgery. In the best cases, you can remove the bad bits, nip and tuck the ordinary stuff to make it look really good, and cover up the results with a flap of style that leaves only the faintest scar to show how that anything serious was ever done. In the worst case, you’ll have to admit that the patient is terminal and start thinking about organ donation. Even Hitler painted roses, and even the worst piece of writing has something artful. Get out your scalpel (The computer is invaluable for this†¦copy and paste work with a separate file for salvaged bits) and find the good lines, the scenes that work, the snappy dialogue. Even if the story itself can’t be salvaged, you can take the best parts and use them later. Drop an evocative landscape from a dead story into a novel you’ve been stuck on, or transplant a mouthful of a vanished character’s dialogue into a poem you’re playing with. Nothing is a completely lost cost. In summation, those authors who claim not to edit their work fall into three categories. Those whose work is edited by others, those whose work is not as good as it should be, and those who are lying. Don’t be any of these. Instead of admiring your favorite renegade writer who never revised their work, mourn for the much better work you’ll never see due to their hubris. That said, I still hate actually DOING revision, and find it the most difficult part of writing. Research Papers on Why You Return to a Story to ReviseMind TravelStandardized TestingBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XThe Fifth HorsemanTrailblazing by Eric AndersonPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyRiordan Manufacturing Production PlanThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Essay

The Disuniting of America essays

The Disuniting of America essays Those who want to join America must be received and welcomed by those who already thnk they own America. ... Not only must they want assimiliation and integration; we must want assimilation and integration too. With the complacent majority than with the beleaguered minorities. (pg24) Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr. Who Schlesinger was referring to by they are the minorities and the new immigrants to the United States of America. And when he said we he was referring to the people who consider themselves Americans. We do have the power to make this a just land for all but, the question is will we ever do that? The Constitution has rights for everyone supposedly. The constitution was initially written for the rich white man and this will never change unless the people do something about it. Yes, I agree with Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr. that we must except everyone and strive to be one people. How can we say that we are moving in the direction of becoming one people when there is still segregation going on. I am not saying that segregation is going on like it was after the African Americans were freed from slavery, it is going on in other forms that are not very easy to see. For example if it is a rich area they will have the best schools and education. Those people will get further in life and the people that live in a rundown neighborhood will get a very low form of education and will not succeed they will always stay at the bottom. How can all the schools in Oakland in the rundown areas, where the majority of the students are African Americans, do not have good schools. Why is there a difference between the schools in Oakland and lets say Pleasanton, which is a dominant white area. These are all public schools so why are the standards so different. When you walk in to a school in Oakland it will be mostly minoritie ...

Offshore drilling (debate- my stance is against the offshore drilling) Essay

Offshore drilling (debate- my stance is against the offshore drilling) - Essay Example This is a knee-jerk response to our continuing energy crisis which has significant environmental concerns. Controversy surrounding offshore drilling is nothing new. According to Kamalick (2008), the controversy started as early as 1937 with the states asserting their jurisdiction over sea beds. In 1945, President Truman asserted Federal jurisdiction, and over the next several years, the Supreme Court affirmed this by specifically saying the Federal government had paramount rights over the continental shelf and the resources under the soil (and under the water), including oil. A 1953 compromise, the OCS Land Act, allowed states limited involvement and issued a mandate for the Federal government to explore and develop oil and gas deposits under the outer continental shelf. The 1969 oil spill in the Santa Barbara Channel changed all that, and environmental lobbyists entered the argument in full force. In 1978, the OCS Lands Act was amended to allow states more control over resources, and environmentally-sensitive language was added. Lease sales began to pick up speed, and the Reagan administration made more than 1 billion acres of the OCS available for lease. Environmentalists made headway with George H.W. Bush, and â€Å"federal supremacy has been steadily eroded . . . by environmental interests† (Kamalick 2008). More recently, a 2008 Gallup Poll found that 57 percent of respondents favored offshore oil drilling, and 41 percent were opposed. A Zogby poll showed that 74 percent of voters favored U.S. coastal water drilling and 59 percent supported Alaska National Wildlife Refuge drilling (Baird 2008, 13). Politicians have been seriously considering a Department of the Interior recommendation to expand coastal exploration, while giving a nod to environmental concerns and assuring taxpayers there are no subsidies to big oil (Baird 2008). The American people, instead of

CRIMINAL LAW Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

CRIMINAL LAW - Coursework Example In the process, he releases a lion and a tiger. The lion then proceeds to kill a person nearby. The issue is whether the entry release of the dangerous animals and the subsequent killing renders Oscar liable for murder or not. In examining the murder, it is essential to evaluate if it leads to a liability of involuntary manslaughter or not. Rules In involuntary manslaughter, the actus reus is an unlawful and dangerous act. In R V Slingsby (1995), a woman died when a man conducted dangerous sexual acts on her. Although the defendant argued that it was an ordinary sexual act that had gone out of scope, it was held that he was guilty because the act was dangerous and unlawful. In R V Church (1965), the term 'dangerous' was interpreted to mean that it exposes another person to a risk of some harm. Based on this, if such an act is conducted, a person will be guilty of committing involuntary manslaughter. The mens rea of involuntary manslaughter is to commit an act that is obvious to every reasonable person as a dangerous act. In spite of this obvious indication, the defendant proceeded to commit that act. In DPP V Newbury and Jones (1976), the defendants were two teenage boys. They threw a piece of stone from a bridge into a passing train. This hit and killed a guard who was sitting in the driver's compartment. It was held that they had committed involuntary manslaughter because it was obvious to them as reasonable people that they undertook a dangerous act when they foresaw the consequences of their actions. Due to the nature of involuntary manslaughter, the most likely defence is diminished responsibility under section 2 of Homicide Act, 1957. This means that the defendant was suffering from an abnormal mind which caused him to fail to exercise willpower and committed such acts (R V Byrne 1960). Also, a person with a substantially impaired mental responsibility could be plead on the grounds of the impairment (R V Lloyd 1967). Application In this case, Oscar decide s to go to the premises of Peter's circus. He did this and released the dangerous animals because he believed they were being ill-treated. In releasing the animals to prevent them from being 'ill-treated', he failed to realize that he was releasing them into a populated area where the animals could cause havoc to human beings. Releasing a lion and tiger was dangerous. Also, it is apparent that he did not seek the consent of Peter who is licensed to keep the animals under lock and key as a circus operator. This constitutes a trespass under Common Law and makes the act illegal. It should have been obvious to Oscar that an ill-treated lion or tiger was much better caged than released into the society. This is because if the caged lion or tiger is released in an urban centre, it would cause carnage and kill a lot of people. On the balance of probabilities, it should have occurred to him that releasing the animals could cost human lives. However, he did not take time to reconsider that. This makes it a valid mens rea for the commission of involuntary manslaughter. Conclusion In conclusion, Oscar committed the actus reus of unlawfully entering the premises of Peter and releasing dangerous animals that killed a human being. Also, he was negligent and did not think much about his actions. As such, he is guilty of manslaughter. Due to the circumstances, his only credible defence is to plead on the grou

Should Cultural Anthropology Stop Trying to Model Itself as a Science Essay

Should Cultural Anthropology Stop Trying to Model Itself as a Science - Essay Example This paper illustrates articles by two schools of thought that seem to offer conflicting ideas on the question of cultural anthropology modeling itself as a science. This is because humanities and sciences tend to appear as though they compete for validity, as though, the two disciplines are two opposite extremes. In this regard, Geertz bears in mind that cultural anthropology is best done through interpretation, the humanities way, while Carneiro is of the view that studies should be done through studying the causes and effects. Carneiro’s way is the scientific method. According to the articles, Geertz opinion is that the humanistic approach to cultural anthropology is the best. This is based on the understanding that interpretation leads to definite contextual comprehension. In this regard, the application of scientific approaches puts to risk analysis of cultural aspects being incomplete. In addition, the issue of anthropology being a science gains popularity with its dual ancestry where it is the most scientific humanity of all. This is, in addition to being the most, humanist of all sciences. Based on the information it is crucial to note that anthropology should stick to being human in that all information should be deduced through interpretation for utmost accuracy. This is, in addition to attempting to prove, or disapprove scientific laws by generating deeper interpretations of diverse cultural phenomena. On the other hand, based on Carneiro, scientific should be used to explain cultural phenomena based on facts and evidence to create logical and rational explanations. This is as proposed through cause-effect studies, as opposed to the mere interpretation of causes and effects. In addition, cultural anthropology focuses on analysis thus, to Carneiro; it is a science, as opposed to the humanistic methods applied by interpretation. In this regard, the analysis goes deeper into details in an attempt to capture more information than that which is fou nd in humanist anthropology.

Amazing 7 Wonders of the World Essay Example for Free

Amazing 7 Wonders of the World Essay My name is Bshair, and I would like to tell you about one of the most amazing 7 wonders of the world I was given the opportunity to write about it. Not only because of the magnificent landmarks, but also because it has great history behind it, and it shows the roots of one of the most powerful empires the Incan Empire. Machu Picchu is the greatest Inca masterpiece. Incredibly daring and inventive, it was built on the most difficult, wild and inaccessible mountain area available. It is known world-wide not only for its impressive and unique ruins, but also for its unusual location on the edge of an abyss, from which one can appreciate the vigorous waters of the Urubamba river. I wonder how the Incas were able to carry the huge blocks of stone to the top of the mountain, we have no evidence that they used the wheel and build such a spectacular exponent of their wisdom and culture remains a mystery to this day. Of religious and military origin, the sacred city of Machu Picchu was enclosed by a wide wall. According to the archaeologist Alfredo, Machu Picchu can be divided into two major sections (the urban and the agricultural). Each part encloses two sub sections (the western and eastern) which are defined in relation to their topographic location. The agricultural section is divided into higher and lower ground. The high ground consists of five premises, the shrine of pile of stones marking a holy site and over 40 platforms. The low ground, meanwhile, comprises seven premises, four open areas and approximately 80 platforms. Some of the numerous agricultural terraces, which are placed in succession, are connected by stone stairways fitted in the walls, while others are linked by various set of steps forming corridors. The layout of the terraces and platforms is in perfect harmony with the mountains surrounding the site. Thus, the hillsides seem to be sculpted to harmonize with nature. There are 3 primary buildings in Machu Picchu they are the Intihuatana, the temple of the sun, and the room of the three windows. All the three rooms together are called the scared district of Machu Picchu. Legend tells that when a sensitive person touches their forehead to the Intihuatana stone it opens their vision in the spirit world. Finally, I Recommend people to visit this amazing place, I’m sure that they will be amazed and they will like what they see there, i would like to visit this amazing place my self some day, because it’s Something not to be missed.