The Crucible; Good Intentions - 1092 Words

Good Intentions; Unfortunate Results â€Å"The path to hell is paved with good intentions,† says an English Proverb. This can also be seen as true about literature set in the 17th century all the way to characters living in the turn of the 19th century. Those were simpler times when people believed in the devil, witches and vampires as explanations because there were so many things they didn’t understand. Characters in these strict moral times would try to do what they thought would be for the best only to have the situations turn out worse than before. The irony in these works of literature is that a lot of times, good intentions ended badly. The Crucible by Arthur Miller is a prime example of how good and pure intentions go wrong and†¦show more content†¦In the very beginning of the story, Jonathan Harker is traveling to Dracula’s castle in place of his boss who couldn’t go. His intentions are good so he can help his boss and make some money off of the land he is planning to sel l, however his intentions get turned around when Dracula traps him inside the castle and he fears for his life. These are examples of situational irony. Reverend Hale, the specialist in dealings with the devil, has great intentions to save people from sin when he comes to Salem. In Act One, Miller writes of Hale: His goal is light, goodness, and its preservation.(36) His goals and intentions when arriving in Salem are very specifically laid out for him when Miller speaks of him. However after events unfold, Hale ends up inadvertently sending many people to the courts. During the trials, he councils convicted witches to confess, so that they won’t be hanged. Hale knowingly counseled people to lie. The events that happen to Hale and the twisted way that he ended up saving lives is cosmic irony. Hale came to Salem to save souls from the devil and tell people not to lie, cheat, or sin, but when the play ends Hale has tried to save lives by telling those accused to lie and sin. Th erefore, he has actually damned the very souls he came to save. In The Crucible, Reverend Parris’ actions were supposed to keep his good standing in the community but actually caused him to lose the town’s respect. Reverend Hale came to Salem to saveShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Arthur Miller s The Crucible 1732 Words   |  7 Pagesthe world. II. Biographical Arthur Miller was a controversial playwright during the 1950’s and 60’s, note because of the material that he choose to write about, but because of the events that took place surrounding one of his best works: The Crucible. One of his friends and a fellow playwright Elia Kazan was accused of being a Communist by the house Un-American Activities Committee. Elia, who had admitted to being previously a Communist during the 1930’s (long before the cold war) was askedRead MoreThe Crucible Character Analysis736 Words   |  3 PagesIn Arthur Miller’s The Crucible, the people of Salem, Massachusetts experience several â€Å"bizarre supernatural events† that really highlight these characters’ morality. A morality play is a kind of drama with personified abstract qualities as the main characters and presenting a lesson about good conduct and character. The Crucible dramatizes good and evil to give rationale of these characters’ true intentions. The â€Å"good† characters in the play are portrayed as Reverend Hale, Elizabeth, Mr. ParrisRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1653 Words   |  7 PagesPublished in 1952, during a period of cold war tensions, which culmi nated in the ideological witch trials of the McCarthyism era in America, the allegorical play, the crucible, by Arthur Miller, is set in Salem Massechutsets, in 1692, during the Salem Witch Trials. The author has intentionally used allegory to draw parallels between the two events and invite the reader to think critically about the persecution that occurred during both time periods. One of the themes that the author has used toRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1653 Words   |  7 Pagesublished in 1952, during a period of cold war tensions, which culminated in the ideological witch trials of the McCarthyism era in America; the allegorical play, The Crucible, by Arthur Miller, is set in Salem Massachusetts, in 1692, during the Salem Witch Trials. The author has intentionally used allegory to draw parallels between the two events and invite the reader to think critically about the persecution that occurred during both time periods. One of the themes that the author has used toRea d MoreElements of Good and Evil in The Crucible by Arthur Miller1072 Words   |  5 Pages The play, The Crucible, is a fireball of guilt, evil, and good compiled into one magnification. It is a play with tremendous feelings, with many inside twists hidden in the archives of the true story. It is a play with emotional feelings; feelings of anger, hate, and evil, yet also feelings of goodness, and pureness. Undeniably, The Crucible is a play illustrating good versus evil.nbsp; The principal characters, Abigail Williams, John Proctor, Ann Putnam and Marry Warren all contain within themRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1653 Words   |  7 PagesPublished in 1952, during a period of cold war tensions, which culminated in the ideological witch trials of the McCarthyism era in America; the allegorical play, The Crucible, by Arthur Miller, is set in Salem Massechutsets, in 1692, during the Salem Witch Trials. The author has intentionally used allegory to draw parallels between the two events and invite the reader to think critically about the persecution that occurred during both time periods. One of the themes that the author has used toRead MoreThe Crucible- Conflict Resolution Essay734 Words   |  3 PagesThe Crucible, written by Arthur Miller, is a movie that focuses on the conflict and resolution that occurred during the Salem witch trials during 17th century Puritan New England. After a group of young girls are found dancing and chanting during the night in the middle of the woods, strange things begin to happen within the small town. Conflict arises when Reverend Parris, the local minister, discovers the girls in the forest being led by a black slave named Tituba. Two girls out of the groupRead MoreMass Hysteria In The Crucible Essay713 Words   |  3 PagesThe Crucible, written by Arthur Miller, was a historical play written about the Salem witch trials that took place in the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1692-93. The Salem witch trials created mass hysteria throughout the entire village of Salem, which was also mainly inhabited by Puritans. Puritans had a set ideal of firm beliefs that managed how they lived. Essentially, they were living as an elect, which meant they (referring to the Puritans) had a place in heaven for the righteous acts they haveRead MoreThe Crucible : The Potential Of Change916 Words   |  4 PagesJoie Lim Johnston English 11H, Period 7 8 October 2015 The Crucible: The Potential of Change Introduction: In The Crucible, Arthur Miller recreates the anxiety and hysteria of the Salem witch-trials from 1692. Although the title, not once is the word â€Å"crucible† spoken in the play. However, the people and events of the Salem witch trials correspond with the definition of a â€Å"crucible†. The Merriam-Webster Dictionary defines â€Å"crucible† three ways: â€Å"A pot in which metals or other substances are heatedRead MoreThe Crucible And Breaker Morant Analysis789 Words   |  4 PagesThe tales of Arthur Millers The Crucible and Bruce Beresfords Breaker Morant while appearing vastly different at a glance; share many common themes. These include scapegoats, trials and revenge. In The Crucible the antagonist, Abigail, is depicted as a spiteful and vengeful character that will stop at no end to gain the satisfaction of revenge through destructive means. Good Putnam is portrayed as a revenge driven character from The Crucible. In the movie of Breaker Morant, the p rotagonist

Colonial America - 793 Words

During 1607-1753, Colonial America was founded. Starting on 1492, when Christopher Columbus discovered land beyond the England, people were launched into a new life. A group of puritans departed from England to escape the growing stress of the English government. Searching for freedom, in both religion and government, they sailed towards America. Their main goal was not only to start e new life, but also to convert the savages; â€Å"Indians.† With this move they experienced many difficulties. Upon starting a new life, they had to learn a new way of political life, social life, educational life, and above all religious lives. Today the controversy of the importance of Christianity to the colonists in the years preceding the American Revolution†¦show more content†¦It became to be known as â€Å"the little Bible† because religious instruction was integrated into the grammar lessons. The eighty-page book taught the alphabet as well as moral and spiritual principles. After graduating from high school, you could go to college. However, in order to be accepted, there were strict requirements that one had to follow. Every student should be â€Å"able to read, construe, and parse Tully, Virgil, and the Greek NT; and to write true Latin in prose and to understand common arithmetic.† Nevertheless, not only will they have to accomplish all these, but they also have to live a religious, blameless life in God. Every student was forced to constantly pray in the school hallways every morning and evening; as well as read a passage of scripture. The professors were to take turns preaching from Godà ¢â‚¬â„¢s Word in the halls. Additionally, if any student were to act rudely or profane the Sabbath, they would be harshly disciplined. Unfortunately, the government governed even their schools strictly. Colonial America’s social life was probably the most interesting aspect of their new lives. They had two main laws by which to live by; The Moral Law and the Law of Grace. According to the Moral Law, every man was to love his neighbor, and help in times of want or distress. However the Law of Grace, calls men to put a difference between Christians and others.Show MoreRelatedLife in Colonial America1942 Words   |  8 PagesDuring colonial times life would not have been anything like it is today. They would not have a cell phone, computer or a global positioning system. The family would wake up to begin their day with chores depending on their sex, location, age and, the families’ social class. Families were large for various reasons - help on the farm, most children died before the age of five. Childbirth was extremely dangerous for women of the day. Doctors did not deliver infants. That job belonged to midwivesRead MoreThe History Of Colonial Latin America1322 Words   |  6 PagesWhen the Spanish and the Portuguese established the colonies in the Americas, not only did they bring their material culture of technologies, clothes, cuisines, architecture, crops, and animals but they also brought their intellectual traditions such as that of honor. The history of colonial Latin America gives many questions related to the understanding of honor. The culture of honor during this period of time was pivotal as it provided a set of values that organized society and individual livesRead MoreSociety of Colonial America Essay1247 Words   |  5 PagesAmerica in 1620-1700 or Colonial America is filled with life and diversity upon the changes it has been slowly incorporating in their society with the European settlers who have migrated to the country and governments claiming colonies in each part of the continent. Due to the variety of c ultures that have now mixed in the country, there have been many particular elements or legacies which have left a mark in the country and are continuously seen today in American culture. The time period is alsoRead MoreColonial Americas without the Indians1566 Words   |  7 PagesCentral and South America would not have been the same without the Indians. History itself would be dissimilar in Colonial America without the Indians. There is a probably chance that slavery would have gained popularity quicker if there were not any Indians. History today would not be the same without the Indians. The Colonials learned guerilla warfare fighting from fighting against the Indians. Also the because of the existence of the Indians farming grew in the colonial Americas. The Indians didRead MoreThe Regions of Colonial America Essay864 Words   |  4 PagesBy the 1700’s, New England, the Chesapeake region and the Southern Colonies developed into three distinct societies, despite comi ng from the same mother country, England. The regions of Colonial America each had a distinctive culture and economy entirely different from the other regions. Religion and religious tolerance was completely different in each region, running from being free to complete persecution. Ethnicity and racial composition ranged from almost complete British descent to a wide rangeRead MoreThe 18th Century And Colonial America1461 Words   |  6 PagesThe 18th Century in colonial America was a time of change, both within the continent of North America and from the Old World that was Europe. Ever since the establishment of some of the first colonies, colonists viewed themselves as such: colonists. However, as the 17th Century passes into the 18th, and as the new century went on, colonists viewed themselves as something else: Americans. These Americans developed new beliefs that alienated themselves from their fellow Europeans, and as war escalatedRead MoreThe Miners During Colonial Latin Ame rica1161 Words   |  5 PagesDuring Colonial Latin America, the major production of silver and mercury as benefited Spaniards, while Indians worked for hours in the mines. Miners during this time were exposed to dangerous conditions in which many died of diseases, contamination/poisoning and injuries and all for low payments. In Mercury, Mining, and Empire, Nicholas A. Robins incorporates the labor system and the processes behind the production of mercury and silver. Also, the pollution that surged as consequence and the conditionsRead MoreColonial America787 Words   |  4 PagesDuring 1607-1753, Colonial America was founded. Starting on 1492, when Christopher Columbus discovered land beyond the England, people were launched into a new life. A group of puritans departed from England to escape the growing stress of the English government. Searching for freedom, in both religion and government, they sailed towards America. Their main goal was not only to start e new life, but also to convert the savages; â€Å"Indians.† With this move they experienced many difficulties. Upon startingRead MoreEssay about The Slave Trade in Colonial America4298 Words   |  18 PagesThe Slave Trade in Colonial America The first blacks in the American Colonies were brought in, like many lower-class whites, as indentured servants. Most indentured servants had a contract to work without wages for a master for four to seven years, after which they became free. Blacks brought in as slaves, however, had no right to eventual freedom. The first black indentured servants arrived in Jamestown in the colony of Virginia in 1619. They had been captured in AfricaRead MoreWomen in Colonial America769 Words   |  4 PagesWomen in Colonial America When women first arrived to the new colonies, many did not have the money to pay in order to get off the boat. This forced them into 4-5 years of servitude. Women would then be free to search for a husband. In Colonial America, the social status of citizens was based on financial standings, ethnicity, and religious beliefs. Social class was a determining factor of opportunities available to women. They had considerably greater rights than their counterparts in England,

America Movil †The Jaguar’s Next Move Free Essays

After a deep analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of America Movil, and considering the forces that are currently driving the growth of the wireless telecom market in Latin America and the rest of the world, we have elaborated certain recommendations concerning the company’s future strategic decisions which, in our opinion, should be considered in order to consolidate the corporation’s current position as a global leader in this industry. Regarding the issue of the possible expansion of America Movil into new markets; the analysis shows that the best strategy for the company to follow, considering its current investments, assets and the forecasts for each region, is to focus on the organic growth and to continue strengthening its position in the Latin American market, where the corporation has been able to develop strong brand awareness among the consumers and where the cultural, social and economic aspects of the region represent an advantage against competitors. Regarding the possibility of a future merge between America Movil and Telmex International, there is no doubt that the synergy that both companies could generate is enormous, nevertheless, due to the basic yet significant differences in these telecom segments, the best option is to keep both companies as separate entities while allowing them to work together by the establishment of joint ventures and strategic alliances in specific projects. We will write a custom essay sample on America Movil – The Jaguar’s Next Move or any similar topic only for you Order Now Sincerely Yours, Author Organic Growth against Positioning in New Markets After quite a long â€Å"shopping spree† that lasted over seven years, from 2000 to 2007, in which America Movil invested and acquired assets all over Latin America, becoming the largest and most powerful corporation in the region; today the company needs to decide whether to continue its expansion through acquisitions – either in the same region or in different potential markets such as Europe or Asia – or to settle down and focus on getting the most out of its current investments. To determine which of these options brings the most benefits for America Movil, we will analyze several aspects of the company and the environment in which it competes, as well forecasts, opportunities and threats that come with each one of these options. Analysis of America Movil and its current position in the Latin American Market America Movil currently holds a privileged competitive position in the Latin American Market, with strong presence in 16 different countries that at the same time, share a wide variety of cultural, economical and social aspects. These common characteristics represent an advantage for America Movil against foreign competitors due to the experience and proven success of the company in positioning itself and understanding the dynamics in this region. Some of the countries in which the corporation competes, are currently in an advanced stage of development regarding the wireless market – such as Argentina, Chile, El Salvador and Uruguay, where the wireless percentage of penetration is above 85% of the population – while others represent an attractive opportunity of growth – such as Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Paraguay, Peru and Puerto Rico – where the percentage of penetration ranges from 41% to 75% of the population. The impact of these percentages can be better appreciated in exhibit 1, where it shows that the total number of potential clients in the region can be assumed to be above 150 million, a number which exceeds the total number of customers currently affiliated with America Movil – 141 million-, especially in countries such as Brazil, Colombia, Mexico and Peru, where the company already has a relatively high percentage of the market share. The total number of potential customers just in these four countries is almost 130 million, 85% of the total number of potential customers. As important as the size of the market available for this corporation, is the distribution of revenue that each one of these countries represents. This distribution can be better appreciated in exhibit 2. What the trend is showing is that the percentage of revenue from Mexico, the most important market for America Movil, is decreasing compared to other countries in which the company operates. From 2004 to 2008 the participation of Mexico has reduced from 54% to 39%, meaning that over half of the revenue of the corporation today comes from its operations in foreign markets, emphasizing their increasing importance relative to the domestic market, which importance has decreased in over 15% while the Brazilian, Caribbean, Andean and Mercosur markets have rose between 4% and 7% each. However, as we can appreciate in exhibit 3, the overall behavior of the Latin American Market shows that it has been in an important phase of growth in the past 4 years, from 2004 to 2008, where revenues have increased over 151%. These numbers together support the arguments of both, the strong position that America Movil currently has in the Latin American market, and of the success of the company in understanding the dynamics of the Latin American economy and culture; which translate in a competitive advantage over its main competitor in the region, Telefonica, and other European and North American based corporations that have struggled in positioning themselves in the countries where America Movil has established. Current Strategy in Latin America The success factors of America Movil strategy in this region can be summarized in two main categories; the penetration strategy and the positioning strategy. Penetration Strategy The penetration strategy developed by the company has been clear since the beginning; the acquisition of assets in the different Latin American countries for a low price. This strategy has benefited the corporation by providing them with the required infrastructure to operate at a relatively low cost, taking advantage of opportunities generated by the failure of other companies to develop a strong position in the market and taking advantage of the liberalization of the Latin American economies. Examples of these acquisitions are the purchase of BCP from BellSouth Corp. (USA) and Verbier (Brazil) in 2003 for $643 million and American Movil Peru from TIM International (Italy) for $503. 4 million. The main reasons for the retreat of these companies from the region were either difficulties at their domestic markets or failed business strategies, two factors that America Movil had under control, with a strong domestic market performance in Mexico and with a profitable business strategy in the region. Positioning Strategy The second factor that drove the success of the corporation in the countries where it penetrated was the positioning strategy. The strategy to obtain a strong position in the markets where it competes was developed considering the economic situation of the majority of the Latin American population, which is relatively weaker and more unstable and than the one in markets such as North America or Europe. With this in mind, America Movil developed a system of pre-paid cards, which to this date, has been the driving force of the company’s growth in the region. The advantage of this model lies in the fact that the corporation discovered that Latin Americans were more likely to become users of wireless communication services if they had the opportunity to pay for the service as they required it; avoiding long term contracts and potentially escalating debts, which, because of the unstable economical situation, could become impossible to pay. The customers were not the only ones beneficiated, since with this model, America Movil became able to considerably reduce collection costs and to avoid invoice defaults that on the long run, could have affected the revenues of the company as well as the number of their clients. There are, however, two main weaknesses in this model, the first one lying in the fact that this strategy can be relatively easily copied by its competitors and in the long run, it doesn’t represent a significant competitive advantage over them. The second disadvantage is that the revenues generated by this strategy are lower than the ones obtained by a post-paid model, which mean that its profitability is based on the volume. Nevertheless, this is currently not a problem for the company since over 83% of its customers are using the pre-paid option. Forecasts of the Wireless Market in Latin America As appreciated in exhibit 1, there are currently a huge number of unattended potential customers in the Latin American Market. This can be assumed by noticing that the overall penetration is 66%, with countries such as Argentina with an astonishing 97% penetration percentage while others important markets such as Brazil and Mexico are about 65%, a number that can be largely increased considering the pre-paid strategy used by America Movil, which simplifies and encourages the use of its service among the population. As seen in exhibit 4, according to the case, the forecast for the year 2012 expects an increase from 66% to 76% in the number of subscribers in the wireless market; this represents an increase of almost 50 million new customers, which, as analyzed earlier, are mostly expected to come from four countries: Brazil, Colombia, Mexico and Peru, which combined, have a population of unsubscribed potential customers of almost 130 million, while all of the other countries barely reach 22 million. This information can help the company focus their efforts in the markets mentioned before, while maintaining a relatively stable growth in the others, focusing mostly not in attracting new customers but in increasing the profitability of each one of them. Analysis and Forecasts of the Wireless Market in the rest of the world After analyzing the benefits of focusing on the organic growth of the company, it is also important to consider the option of expanding further into new non-natural markets for America Movil. The options available are the Asian, European and the Middle East/Africa and North American Market, where the company currently has a small operation. The main advantage of the Asian market is definitely its size; as the continent with the larger population, over 3,879,000,000 according to the World Atlas’ estimates of 2006, and over 10 times the population in South America; it’s definitely the most attractive market to consider. Nevertheless, there are two main barriers that might decrease the attractiveness of trying to penetrate in this market; the competitors and the enormous cultural differences between Asia and Latin America. The competition in Asia represent a huge threat for newcomers, since is the domestic market of China Mobile, the largest wireless corporation in the world with over $275 billion in revenue and the financial power to overwhelm any new entrant. In addition to this, the fact that, as in Latin America, America Movil is familiarized with the economic, social and cultural aspects of the population, China Mobile has a huge advantage and experience with the Asian culture. Europe is also another important market to consider, and the one that America Movil has been closer to penetrate in; however, the same problems arise, with the presence of Vodafone, a British corporation with over $152 Billion in revenue and the advantage of competing in a market in which the company is more familiar with. This in addition to the fact that, as stated in the case, Europe doesn’t seem to be ready to open to competitors from the new world, which mean that America Movil is going to have more trouble penetrating with its acquisitions strategy. Finally, North America doesn’t seem to be an attractive market due to its saturation and low expected growth of only 1. 2% and in the Middle East and Africa America Movil may end up making the same mistakes made by European and North American Corporations in Latin America, which is a weak positioning strategy. These are the reasons why the most feasible strategy is to focus on the organic growth, since the strengths that the company has in Latin America, specially the knowledge of the market, can become weaknesses when trying to expand to new markets where strong competitors already have the advantage of experience and economic power. Merger between America Movil and Telmex International The rapid technological changes in the telecommunications industry and the emergence of new players, combined with the reduction of traditional entry barriers and the rise of alternative service providers are forces that currently represent a huge threat for both America Movil and Telmex International. This is the reason why, taking advantage of being part of Carlos Slim’s Holdings, both companies should be able to establish synergy in the markets where they compete in order to offer a combination of services that would be more difficult, if not impossible, to provide by separate. Nevertheless, due to the significant differences in issues such as the infrastructure and strategies required to operate, a merger could not be the best option, however this doesn’t mean that both America Movil and Telmex International are not able to develop joint ventures or strategic alliances while working in specific project that might, in the long-term, increase their profitability, competitiveness and presence in the Latin American Markets. New trends in telecommunications such as the triple play which offers voice, date and video are rapidly acquiring popularity and obtaining an important share of the market, if Telmex International and America Movil can combine these with the wireless service, there is no doubt that they will obtain an important advantage in any of the countries where they establish. Cited Works Rullan, Samantha. America Movil, The Making of a Mexican Global Latina. 2008. INSEAD The Business School for the World America Movil. â€Å"2008 Annual Report. † 2008. 29th April 2010 http://www. americamovil. com/docs/reportes/eng/2008. pdf. World Atlas. Continents of the World. 2006. 29th April 2010 http://www. worldatlas. com/geoquiz/thelist. htm. How to cite America Movil – The Jaguar’s Next Move, Papers

Pneumothorax Mechanical Ventilation and Medicine Net Essay Sample free essay sample

Mechanical airing is the usage of life-support to execute the work of take a breathing for patients who are unable to take a breath on their ain or are critically badly. The First Mechanical Ventilation machine was used in 1938 called the â€Å"Iron Lung † which used negative force per unit area. Positive Mechanical ventilators began to be used in anaesthesia and intensive attention during the 1950s. The development was confirmed by the demand to handle polio patients and the increasing usage of musculus relaxation. during anaesthesia. Modern ventilators today are classified by the method of cycling from inspiratory stage to the expiative stage. Today we use positive airing over negative. negative is non as invasive but mimics normal external respiration but is uncomfortable. today it is non normally used. Positive-pressure airing means that force per unit area is applied at the patient’s lungs through an ETT or tracheotomy tubing. The positive force per unit area causes the gas to flux into the lungs until the ventilator breath has ended. As the air passage force per unit area drops back to nothing. elastic kick of the chest accomplishes inactive halitus by forcing the tidal volume out. Every patient is treated otherwise depending on the ground to cannulate. until we can extubate we have to repair the implicit in job. Prolonged mechanical airing can take to nosocomial pneumonia. cardiac morbidity. and decease. However. extubating a patient excessively shortly may ensue in holding to reintubate which can ensue in the same unwellnesss as drawn-out cannulation. â€Å"Respiratory healers start proving for the chance to cut down support really shortly after cannulation and reduces support at every opportunity† ( Cook 2000 ) . Most common manner of airing is AC-VC it provides a consistent breath-to-breath tidal volume. doing the tidal volume and rate preset and guaranteed. The patient can impute to the frequence and timing of the breaths. If the patient makes an inspiratory attempt. the ventilator senses a lessening in the circuit force per unit area and delivers the preset tidal volume. This manner the patient can find a comfy respiratory form and trigger extra breaths above the set rate. If the patient does non originate a breath. the ventilator automatically delivers the preset rate and volume. guaranting minimal Ve. Assist-control is better than controlled airing because the patient can trip the ventilator to present a breath and. adjust their Ve. In controlled airing. the patient receives merely breaths initiated by the ventilator at the preset rate. doing it hard and uncomfortable to hold self-generated breaths. If a patient needs controlled airing they should be sedated. Vc is best used in patients with normal lungs. Pressure control is increasing in popularity in the scene of acute lung hurt. or patients with terrible grownup respiratory hurt syndrome ( ARDS ) . There is no grounds that force per unit area control is better than volume control. Nonetheless the ability to easy command inspiratory clip. allows a more effectual direction of MAP. Pressure airing besides shows better gas distribution. but you can accomplish this in volume control by changing flow rates and inspiratory intermission. When a patient is placed on pressure-ventilation. the clinician ( RT ) sets the rate. inspiratory clip. positive terminal expiatory force per unit area ( PEEP ) . and most significantly. the peak airway force per unit area bound. When using pressure-control manner the patient can have as much inspiratory flow as needed. By restricting the delivered extremum air passage force per unit area. the RT helps restricting the hazard of barotraumas delivered to the lung. Pressure support is a method of helping self-generated external respiration in a ventilated patient. The patient controls all parts of the breath except the force per unit area bound. The patient triggers the ventilator. the ventilator delivers a flow up to a predetermined force per unit area bound depending on the coveted minute volume. the patient continues the breath. and flow rhythms off when a certain per centum of peak inspiratory flow has been reached. Tidal volumes may change. merely as they do in normal external respiration. PS the patient must be take a breathing to the full on their ain. SIMV will present a set figure of breaths. though the patient can still take a breath at their ain rate and VT on top of these preset breaths with a set PS. Both of these manners are used for ablactating intents to see if the patient is ready to be extubated. A Common respiratory job will see as RT’s is a pneumothorax. †A pneumothorax is a aggregation of free air in the thorax outside the lung that causes the lung to prostration. † ( Medicine Net 2012 ) . The first recognized pneumothorax was in 1803. and old ages subsequently Laennec himself described the full clinical image of it in 1819. The pneumothorax was reintroduced by the Danish doctor Hans Kjaergard in 1932. and In 1941. the sawboness Tyson and Crandall introduced pleural scratch for the intervention of pneumothorax. Today we recognize it most normally as self-generated pneumothorax which is called a primary or secondary. A primary pneumothorax occurs in patients that have no pneumonic diseases. Most normally seen in thin. immature males with a smoke Hx. A secondary pneumothorax occurs in patients with an underlying medical disease. such as COPD. cystic fibrosis. lung malignant neoplastic disease and Mar fan’s disease. If air enters the pleura infinite either by a hole in the lung or the chest wall. the force per unit area in the pleura infinite will be the force per unit area outside the organic structure. and doing the to lung to prostrations. Spontaneous pneumothorax is caused by a rupture of a cyst on the surface of the lung. Pneumothorax may besides happen by a fractured rib. gun shooting. and knifing. surgical scratch of the thorax. sometimes even surgical or cannulation mistake. â€Å"If a lung continues to leak air into the chest pit and ensuing in compaction of the chest constructions. including vass that return blood to the bosom. is referred to as a tenseness pneumothorax and can be fatal if non treated instantly. † ( Medicine Net 2012 ) . Symptoms of a pneumothorax include CP that normally sudden and onset. sometimes taking to stringency of the thorax and crisp combustion esthesis. Other symptoms include ; Sob. coughing. tachycardia. Tachypenic. and failing. The tegument may go c yanotic from a lessening in blood O degrees. In recent surveies an new device has come to assist handle pneumothorax. â€Å"A Small-bore catheters and Heimlich valves have been successfully used in the intervention of pneumothoraces in several surveies. The Thoracic Vent is a minimally invasive device for the intervention of pneumothorax. It consists of a polyurethane catheter connected to a fictile chamber incorporating a one-way valve. and positive force per unit area within the pleural infinite is indicated by a pressure-sensitive stop ( PSD ) contained within the fictile chamber. As there is no demand to link the Thoracic Vent to an submerged seal device. immobilisation and hospitalization can be avoided. † ( Consultant Physician. Glan Clwyd Hospital. Wales. 2007 ) . Basically it provides easier drainage and is compact. To find a Pneumothorax you would see a thorax X ray or hear no breath sounds over the collapsed lung. A big pneumothorax frequently requires aspiration of the free air by puting a thorax tubing to evacuate the air. â€Å"Having one pneumothorax increases the hazard of developing the status once more. The return rate for both primary and secondary pneumothorax is about 40 % ; most returns occur within 1. 5 to two old ages. † ( Medicine Net 2012 ) . A simple pneumothorax frequently is treated with a thorax tubing every bit good. If the simple pneumothorax is little you can utilize inspiration techniques with 100 % O to do self-generated enlargement of the collapsed lung. or a little catheter can be placed in the thorax and the air removed via suctioning techniques. A little pneumothorax may decide on its ain within two hebdomads. After multiple collapsed lungs or relentless prostration. surgical adhesion of the lung to the chest wall may be necessary. If patient is demoing marks of respiratory hurt with tachycardia. Tachypenic. hypotension and hypoxia they may necessitate to be intubated until the lungs have repaired. Pneumothorax is non a certain indicant for cannulation. but if a patient is holding an addition WOB and ABG shows impairment so the doctor may bespeak cannulation with a Personal computer manner. Patients with a pneumothorax have trauma to the thorax wall and are unable to spread out right so a thorax tubing might be in topographic point maintaining the lung unfastened. With a pneumothorax you would desire high force per unit areas and patients ain restriction of volume to rest the ventilator musculuss. avoid farther dynamic hyperinflation. and avoid over rising prices and acute alkalemia. To give a patient fixed volume could do barotraumas or over dilatation of the damaged lung doing the lung to go weaker. therefore increasing the hazard for a future pneumothorax. You need Vts of 5-7 mL/kg and a rapid inspiratory flow 80–100 L/min to maximise expiratory clip and avoid air pin downing. â€Å"Current best grounds indicates that a â€Å"lung-protective† airing scheme tha t keeps VT to a upper limit of 6 mL/kg predicted organic structure weight and avoids end-inspiratory tableland ( inactive ) force per unit areas above 30 centimeter H2O minimizes ventilator-induced lung hurt and reduces mortality. † ( Copyright  © 2008 University of Washington. ) In decision most pneumothorax patients are able to mend themselves. though others may necessitate more intercessions such as chest tubings or drains may be placed. It is common for patients who have had a pneumothorax to hold another happening. It is non as common for person to be intubated for a pneumothorax unless at that place in terrible hurt. If so most pulmonologist stated they would put the patient on force per unit area control to see that they don’t over inflate with to high of a tidal volume. If left untreated a pneumothorax can be life endangering and do decease. if you show any marks and symptoms don’t disregard them travel see a physician. This paper has helped me have a better apprehension of what a pneumothorax is and how its treated. and that it happens more frequently after you have already had one. I have non yet treated a patient with a pneumothorax but have treated a patient with a thorax tubing. I now know what to anticipate when handling these pati ents. There is no manner to forestall a collapsed lung. but you can diminish your hazard by non smoking! Mentions 1.  © 1998-2012 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research ( MFMER ) . All rights reserved. A individual transcript of these stuffs may be reprinted for noncommercial personal usage merely. â€Å"Mayo. † â€Å"Mayo Clinic. † â€Å"MayoClinic. com. † â€Å"EmbodyHealth. † â€Å"Enhance your life. † and the triple-shield Mayo Clinic logo are hallmarks of Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. 2. Light RW. Lee GY. Pneumothorax. chylothorax. haemothorax. and fibrothorax. In: Mason RJ. Murray JF. Broaddus VC. Nadler JA. explosive detection systems. Textbook of Respiratory Medicine. 4th erectile dysfunction. Philadelphia. Pa: Saunders Elsevier ; 2005: fellow 69. 3.  ©1996-2012 MedicineNet. Inc. 4.  © 1998-2012 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. All rights reserved 5.  © Pilbeam Mechanical Ventilation. 2006 6. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. touchbriefings. com/pdf/2901/ambalaranan. pdf. 2007 airway direction article. 7. Pierson DJ. Invasive mechanical airing. In Albert RK. Spiro SG. Jett JR. explosive detection systems. Clinical respiratory medical specialty. London/Philadelphia. Saunders. 2nd edition. 2004:189-209. MacIntyre NR. Cook DJ. Guyatt GH. explosive detection systems. Evidence-based guidelines for ablactating and stoping ventilatory support. American College of Chest Physicians. American Association for Respiratory Care. and American College of Critical Care Medicine. Chest. 2001 Dec ; 120 ( 6 Suppl ) :375S-484S.