Enlightenment and the Great Awakening Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Illumination and the Great Awakening - Essay Example Such changes made North America to turn into an extraordinary donor in the pioneer America’s economy. Because of the significant changes occurring in the urban areas, there was an expansion in the provincial urban relocation. This was credited to the way that there was requirement for them to scan for work in the businesses that had been built up in the urban territories. The development of the estates additionally energized the relocation as the manors required workers. There were various creations of crude materials for the plants and this boosted creation by the enterprises. Therefore there was a proceeded with admission of workers a stage that made it difficult to kill country urban relocation. During a similar period, North America experienced restorations as far as religion, government and human instinct. The job of illumination was to concentrate on testing the current strict principles and the perfect rights that had been received by the individuals. It was through tolerating the strict convictions and resistance among various people that they might effectively encounter edification. It was through religion that they might bind together themselves. That is the reason they contended that religion was the opium of society a road through which people would see one another.

Positive and Negative Environmental effects of Genetically Modified Research Paper

Positive and Negative Environmental impacts of Genetically Modified Crops - Research Paper Example In any case, various complaints have been raised. This paper looks at the positive and negative ecological impacts of hereditarily changed yields. While hereditarily changed harvests have consistently picked up help there exists a solid unexpected of gatherings that item to these yields on ecological reasons. Inside this unexpected probably the most grounded protests have been required by bunches worried about ecological maintainability just as strict gatherings that item to hereditary adjustment on moral grounds. All things considered, it’s away from developing assemblage of research has highlighted significant ecological worries from executing hereditarily adjusted yields. In this setting of understanding, one of the overwhelming concerns is unintended damage to encompassing yields and life forms. For example, an ongoing report demonstrated that, â€Å"pollen from B.t. corn caused high death rates in ruler butterfly caterpillars† (‘Transgenic Pollen’, pg. 214). While this investigation was not directed in characteristic conditions, different analysts have contended comparative disputes. In such matters, it’s been noticed that dust and other hereditarily adjusted harvest outgrowth holds a solid potential for spreading to encompassing territories and negatively influencing the life-pattern of an assortment of living beings. Another noticeable ecological concern identified with the utilization of hereditarily altered harvests is the detailed capability of quality exchange to non-target species. Basically this worry shows that crops that have been hereditarily altered for severe protection from climate conditions or different territories of disservice will move their harvest protection from less alluring outgrowth. For example, â€Å"crop plants designed for herbicide resilience and weeds will cross-breed, bringing about the exchange of the herbicide opposition qualities from the harvests off course. These superweeds would then be herbicide lenient as well† (Whitman). These worries have risen in various genuine settings, with claims developing in circumstances where nearby hereditarily altered yield land have supposedly tainted non-adjusted harvests. Another noticeable worry around there of comprehension is the concern of the diminished viability of pesticides. This worry accepts an assortment of structures as ranchers of non-hereditarily altered yields stress that new types of bugs may develop because of hereditarily adjusted harvests that are then completely impervious to customary types of pesticides. While there have been an assortment of proposed answers for the previously mentioned ecological concerns, it’s clear that at any rate in the present innovative condition they stay practical concerns for ranchers not straightforwardly engaged with the creation of hereditarily adjusted strains of yield. Indeed, even as generous ecological protests exist to hereditarily altered harvests, scientis ts note that there is extensive natural help for this method of farming creation. One of the major noted natural advantages for ranchers is the expanded nuisance obstruction of hereditarily altered yields. One of the essential territories where such hereditary change has tremendously affected cultivating is in creating areas. In these regions, â€Å"agricultural creation doesn't just capacity as a methods for financial benefit, yet is as a rule personally connected to the population’

Management Theory by Henri Fayol

Management Theory by Henri Fayol Th? k?? to the ?u????? ?f ?n? ?nd??v?ur li?? primarily on how it i? managed.It ??uld be ?n ?rg?niz?ti?n, gr?u? ?f people ?r ?v?n ju?t a v???ti?n ??u w?nt t? t?k?.Proper m?n?g?m?nt i? wh?t m?k?? it run smoothly.With?ut m?n?g?m?nt, thing? will n?t g? w?ll.Y?ur vacation f?r ?x?m?l? might come t? a h?lt before it even b?gin? if you forgot t? book your flight to th?t h?lid?? d??tin?ti?n.Proper m?n?g?m?nt ?f ?n organization, ?????i?ll? th??? ?n?? w? set up f?r ?r?fit; i? m?r? important th?n the ?rg?niz?ti?n itself.Because ?f it? importance, ??i?nti?t? ?v?r the ???r? h?v? developed diff?r?nt m?n?g?m?nt theories.S?m? of th?m ?r? ju?t theories, whil? ??m? ?th?r? have b??n tested ?nd proved t? w?rk. On? ?f the ?ld??t ?f th??? th??ri?? is th?t of Henri F???l.A? one of the ?ld??t ?nd m??t ???ul?r approaches t? management taught, H?nri F???l’? (29 Jul? 1841â€"19 N?v?mb?r 1925) th??r? holds th?t ?dmini?tr?ti?n of all ?rg?niz?ti?n?â€"wh?th?r “public ?r ?riv?t?”, ?r “l?rg? ?r small” r?quir ?? th? ??m? rational process or fun?ti?n?.Thi? ??h??l is b???d ?n th? assumptions that, although the objective ?f an ?rg?niz?ti?n may differ; f?r ?x?m?l?, business, government, education, ?r r?ligi?n, yet th?r? i? a core m?n?g?m?nt ?r????? th?t remains th? ??m? for ?ll in?tituti?n?.Successful m?n?g?r?, therefore, ?r? int?r?h?ng??bl? ?m?ng ?rg?niz?ti?n? ?f differing purposes. Also, h? ?rgu?d th?t admini?tr?tiv? m?n?g?m?nt ?r??????? ??n b? reduced t? a ??t ?f ????r?t? fun?ti?n? ?nd related ?rin?i?l??.It h?? rightl? b??n said b? some scholars th?t “??rh??? the real father ?f m?d?rn m?n?g?m?nt th??r? i? th? Fr?n?h indu?tri?li?t H?nri F???l.”In 1916 h? published “Admini?tr?ti?n Indu?tri?ll? et Generale.” It w?? translated ?nd r??ubli?h?d in English in 1929. In 1949 hi? b??k w?? published in USA ?nd from then hi? ideas became famous. In th? w?rld, his b??k l?ft a ??rm?n?nt m?rk ?n m?n?g?m?nt thinking.A successful industrialist, F???l h??d?d a steel ?nd ???l ??m??n? in Fr?n??. H? i ? now ??n?id?r?d th? f?th?r of th? Universal ?r????? ?r O??r?ti?n?l m?n?g?m?nt ?r Admini?tr?tiv? management th??r?, because he m?d? univ?r??l g?n?r?liz?ti?n? ?b?ut m?n?g?m?nt based ?n hi? k??n in?ight and ?r??ti??l m?n?g?m?nt ?x??ri?n??.A? opposed t? Taylor, F???ltri?d t? deal with “classical ?dmini?tr?ti?n.” H? f??u??d hi? ?tt?nti?n ?n th? enterprise as a wh?l? r?th?r than ?n a single ??gm?nt of it.H? ?i?n??r?d th? ??n???t ?f vi?wing m?n?g?m?nt as being m?d? up of fun?ti?n?, ?nd hi? work supplied a ??m?r?h?n?iv? framework fr?m whi?h m?n?g?m?nt ??uld be studied and d?v?l???d.H? ?l?? repeatedly emphasized th?t hi? ?rin?i?l?? ???l? n?t only t? bu?in??? but ?l?? t? ??liti??l, religious, ?hil?nthr??i?, military ?nd ?th?r und?rt?king?.H?NRI F???L’? FUNCTIONS ?F M?N?G?M?NT M??t m?n?g?m?nt writers ?gr?? ?n the ?l???ifi??ti?n ?f Henri F???l r?g?rding managerial fun?ti?n?: ?l?nning, organizing, commanding (??tu?ting), coordinating and ??ntr?lling.Th?r? ?r? ?ix fun?ti?n? ?f m?n?g?m?nt ? ???rding to Henri f???l and th?? are:PlanningWh?n?v?r a numb?r ?f individu?l? ??m? together ?nd d??id? t? achieve a common goal, planning b???m?? essential.It inv?lv?? deciding, in ?dv?n??, wh?t t? do, h?w t? do, wh?n t? d?, wh? to d? ?nd wh?r? t? d? it.Pl?nning assists t? bridge the gap b?tw??n where we ?r? n?w ?nd wh?r? w? w?nt t? g?. Pl?nning i? deciding in th? ?r???nt ?b?ut th? futur?.In the opinion ?f Alf?rd and B??tt?, “Pl?nning i? th? thinking ?r?????, th? ?rg?niz?d foresight, th? vi?i?n b???d ?n f??t? and ?x??ri?n?? that is r?quir?d f?r intelligent ??ti?n.” Th? ?ttribut?? of ?l?nning ?r?:It i? an int?ll??tu?l (m?nt?l thinking) process.It i? a ?r?-??ti?n stage function ?nd futurit? is th? root ?f planning.Pl?nning ?r???d?? ?ll ?th?r managerial fun?ti?n?. B?f?r? ?l?nning there i? n?thing t? ?rg?niz?, dir??t ?nd ??ntr?l.It i? n?t a ?tr?? functionâ€"it is a continuous, fl?xibl? ?nd n?v?r-?nding ??tivit?.Pl?nning i? pervasive ?nd h?? a broad ??v?r?g?.It should ??v?r th? ?ntir ? ?nt?r?ri??, it? ??gm?nt? ?nd ?v?r? levels ?f management.Planning process im?li?? int?rw?v?n f?ll?wing steps-setting th? ?bj??tiv??, ??ll??ting and ?n?l??ing inf?rm?ti?n, d?t?rmin? alternative courses ?f action, w?ighing (evaluating) alternative ??ur???, ??l??ting th? b??t ??ur?? of ??ti?n, developing ?ub-?l?n?, implementing ?nd following u? th? ?l?n.S?m? of th? im??rt?nt b?n?fit? fr?m ?l?nning ?r?:T? f??? th? uncertainties ?f futur?,T? adapt and ?dju?t t? ?h?nging ?nvir?nm?nt,T? ?r?v?nt h??t? decisions,T? reduce th? overall ???t,To im?r?v? th? m?r?l? ?nd m?tiv?ti?n,To bring unit? in thr?ugh ??ti?n?, ?ndTo ?x?r?i?? ?ff??tiv? control.Planning i? indi???n??bl? ?nd th? basis f?r ?ll ?th?r m?n?g?ri?l fun?ti?n?.As Kn??tz ?nd O’Donnell h?v? rightl? pointed out, “with?ut ?l?nning bu?in??? b???m?? r?nd?m in nature ?nd decisions become meaningless ad hoc choices.”With?ut ?l?nning, ?n ?nt?r?ri?? would di?int?gr?t? quickly, its ??ti?n? w?uld b? ?? r?nd?m ?? l??v?? ???m??ring b?f?r? an ? utumn wind, and its ?m?l????? as confused ?? ants in ?n unturn?d ?nthill.In spite ?f it? basic n?????it?, ?l?nning h?? not been as widely adopted ?? it d???rv??.In f??t, it ?uff?r? from ??m? ?r??ti??l limit?ti?n?:Oft?n, managers ?r? r?lu?t?nt to plan because it i? seen ?? in im??rt?nt, tim? consuming, costly ?nd tedious m?nt?l ?r?????.It d?m?nd? serious thinking, tremendous ?m?unt ?f ????r-w?rk ?nd tim?.M??t managers d? n?t lik? to undergo ?u?h a hard ?nd ??inful m?nt?l w?rk whi?h may or may n?t produce r??ult?. M?n?g?r? tend to prefer t? b? doers, not think?r?.Pl?nning i? the thinking ?r????? ?nd managers b?ing m?n ?f action, ?h?uld h?v? no u?? f?r it.W?ll-d?t?rmin?d plans force the m?n?g?m?nt and ?m?l????? int? a straight jacket ?nd leave n? r??m f?r th?ir initi?tiv?.Th? rigid ?l?n? di???ur?g? individu?l initi?tiv? ?nd fr??d?m. It also promotes r?d-t???? ?nd unnecessary d?l?? in work ??rf?rm?n??.Pl?nning is ?n ?m?t? ???d?mi? ?x?r?i?? in a f??t ?h?nging ?nvir?nm?nt. It is diffi?ult f?r ?l?nn?r? t? f?r????t the government ??li?i??, hum?n behaviour, ??m??titi?n, ?trik??, look-outs, w?r?, ??rth?u?k??, ?t?. Future i? a moving target and ?xt?rn?l factors ?r? b???nd the ?l?nn?r?’ ??ntr?l.If ??m? ?h?ng?? ???ur in the organization du? to planning, g?n?r?ll? it i? opposed b? employees.N?w policies ??m??l th?m t? ?h?ng? th?ir ?ld way ?f w?rking so they r??i?t the change ?nd planning.OrganizeOrg?nizing inv?lv?? developing an ?rg?niz?ti?n?l structure (hi?r?r?h?, divisions, departments, ?t?) ?nd ?ll???ting human and ?th?r resources t? ?n?ur? the ????m?li?hm?nt ?f the ?rg?niz?ti?n’? ?bj??tiv?? ?nd im?l?m?nt?ti?n ?f it? strategic plan.Th? structure of th? ?rg?niz?ti?n i? th? fr?m?w?rk within which effort i? coordinated and i? shaped b? th? ?thi??l and ?ultur?l r?quir?m?nt? ?f th? g?v?rning body.It inv?lv?? the d??ign of individu?l jobs within th? organization ?nd ?triking a b?l?n?? b?tw??n the n??d for w?rk?r ?nd management ????i?li??ti?n ?nd the need f?r ????l? to h?v? j?b? th?t entail v?ri?t? and ?ut?n?m?.M?n? j?b? are now d??ign?d b???d ?n ?u?h principles ?? job ?nri?hm?nt ?nd t??mw?rk.The m?n?g?m?nt framework n??d? t? support the n??d? ?f th? governance fr?m?w?rk, and be ????unt?bl? to the g?v?rning b?d? for the ??ti?n? ?nd achievements ?f th? ?rg?ni??ti?n.StaffingIt i? the function of m?nning th? ?rg?niz?ti?n ?tru?tur? and keeping it m?nn?d.Staffing h?? ???um?d gr??t?r im??rt?n?? in th? r???nt ???r? du? to ?dv?n??m?nt ?f t??hn?l?g?, in?r???? in ?iz? of business, ??m?l?xit? ?f human b?h?vi?ur etc.The main ?ur???? of staffing i? t? put the right man on th? right job i.?. ?qu?r? ??g? in ?qu?r? holes and r?und ??g? in r?und h?l??.A???rding t? KootzO’Donell, “Managerial function of staffing inv?lv?? m?nning th? ?rg?niz?ti?n ?tru?tur? thr?ugh ?r???r ?nd ?ff??tiv? ??l??ti?n, ???r?i??l d?v?l??m?nt ?f ??r??nn?l t? fill the roles designed ?n th? structure.”St?ffing inv?lv??:M?n??w?r Pl?nning (??tim?ting man power in terms ?f ???r?hing, ?h???? th ? person and giving the right ?l???).Recruitment, S?l??ti?n Pl???m?nt.Tr?ining D?v?l??m?nt.R?mun?r?ti?nP?rf?rm?n?? A??r?i??lPr?m?ti?n? TransferControllingC?ntr?l ?nd evaluation ?r? th? tw? n?d?? ?f th? ??m? ?r?????.C?ntr?lling ?n?ur?? that activities are ?r?du?ing th? d??ir?d results. It i? limited t? monitoring th? ?ut??m? of ??tiviti??, reviewing f??db??k inf?rm?ti?n ?b?ut th? outcome ?nd if n??????r?, t?king ??rr??tiv? action.“C?ntr?lling is th? checking of ?urr?nt ??rf?rm?n?? ?g?in?t ?r?-d?t?rmin?d standards ??nt?in?d in th? ?l?n?, with a vi?w to ?n?uring ?d?qu?t? progress ?nd ??ti?f??t?r? ??rf?rm?n?? and ?l?? recording th? experience g?in?d from th? working ?f these ?l?n? ?? a guid? to ????ibl? future ???r?ti?n?.”Th? ?h?r??t?ri?ti?? ?f controlling ??n b? derived as f?ll?wing ?n th? basis of it? meaning:It is an ?nd fun?ti?n,It is ??ntinu?u? and d?n?mi? activity,It i? m?inl? forward-looking,C?ntr?lling i? a pervasive fun?ti?n,It i? a n?rm?tiv? and ???itiv? force,It ?ll?w? th? ?rg?niz?ti?n to cope with un??rt?int?, andIt h?l?? guiding ?nd integrating employee’s behaviour toward br??d?r ?rg?niz?ti?n?l g??l?.Th? ??ntr?lling process inv?lv?? f?ur ?t???: establishment ?f ?t?nd?rd?, measurement of ??tu?l performance, ??m??ri??n of performance with ?t?nd?rd, ?nd t?king corrective actions.C?ntr?lling i? th? ?ff??tiv? counterpart ?f ?l?nning.Alth?ugh planning ?????r? gl?m?r?u? ?nd ??ntr?lling appears annoying but ?l?nning i? a futil? exercise with?ut controlling.C?ntr?lling inv?lv?? keeping the ?rg?niz?ti?n?l activities ?n right tr??k and ?lign?d with ?l?n?.With?ut ?n ?d?qu?t? set ?f ??ntr?l?, th? best laid ?l?n? ?f m?n?g?r? will r?m?in im?gin?ti?n ?nd a whit? ?l??h?nt.Pl?nning without control is m??ningl??? ?nd control without planning is a w??t?d ?ff?rt.DirectingCoordinating i? the essence ?f management f?r th? achievement ?f h?rm?n? ?f individu?l ?ff?rt? t?w?rd? the ????m?li?hm?nt ?f gr?u? goals.To ?u?t? D?lt?n E. M?F?rl?nd, “Coordination i? th? ?r??? ?? wh?r?b? ?nd ?x??utiv? d?v?l??? ?n orderly ??tt?rn of gr?u? ?ff?rt among hi? subordinates ?nd secure unit?, ?f ??ti?n in th? pursuit ?f ??mm?n ?ur????.”Aft?r plans have been made, the ?tru?tur? ?f th? organization h?? b??n d?t?rmin?d, ?nd th? ?t?ff h?? been recruited ?nd tr?in?d, the n?xt ?t?? i? t? ?rr?ng? f?r m?v?m?nt towards the ?rg?niz?ti?n’? d?fin?d objectives.This fun?ti?n ??n be ??ll?d b? v?ri?u? n?m??: l??ding, dir??ting, m?tiv?ting, actuating and ?th?r?.But wh?t?v?r th? n?m? u??d to id?ntif? it, thi? fun?ti?n inv?lv?? g?tting th? m?mb?r? ?f th? ?rg?niz?ti?n t? ??rf?rm in ways that will h?l? it to ??hi?v? it? established ?bj??tiv??.According to Dimock, “Th? h??rt ?f ?dmini?tr?ti?n i? th? dir??ting function which involves determining th? ?????, giving ?rd?r? ?nd in?tru?ti?n? ?nd ?r?viding the d?n?mi? l??d?r?hi?.”Th? m?n?g?r ???rdin?t?? int?rn?ll? ?nd externally.In int?rn?l coordination th? ?th?r managerial fun?ti?n? such as ?l?nning, ?rg?nizing, actuating ?nd ??ntr? lling are ???rdin?t?d within th? ??n?tituti?n. In ?xt?rn?l coordination th? manager coordinates with outsiders as, government, ?ubli?, tr?d? uni?n?, other enterprises, ??liti?i?n? ?t?.In a bu?in??? ??n??rn, with a large numb?r ?f ??r??n? w?rking at diff?r?nt levels and ??rf?rming div?r?? ??tiviti??, it became ????nti?l t? synchronies th? w?rk ?t ???h level, ?nd in th? ?rg?niz?ti?n ?? a wh?l?.The m?in aspects of ??tu?ting ?r?: l??ding, ?u??rvi?i?n, m?tiv?ti?n ?nd communication. L??ding m??n? t? l??d ?nd h?ld ??mm?nd th? followers (?ub?rdin?t??).Su??rvi?i?n r?f?r? t? th? dir??t and immediate overseeing employees ?t w?rk.M?tiv?ti?n is th? w?rk of a manager t? inspire, encourage ?nd im??l people to w?rk willingly f?r ??hi?ving th? d??ir?d g??l.INTR?DU?TI?N TO THE 14 ?RIN?I?L?? ?F M?N?G?M?NT In th? l??t ??ntur?, ?rg?niz?ti?n? ?lr??d? h?d to d??l with management in ?r??ti??.In th? early 1900?, l?rg? ?rg?niz?ti?n?, such ?? production factories, had t? be m?n?g?d t??.At th? tim? th?r? were only few (external) m?n?g?m?nt tools, m?d?l? and m?th?d? ?v?il?bl?.Th?nk? t? ??i?nti?t? lik? H?nri F???l (1841-1925) th? fir?t f?und?ti?n? w?r? l?id f?r m?d?rn ??i?ntifi? m?n?g?m?nt.These first ??n???t?, ?l?? called ?rin?i?l?? ?f management ?r? th? underlying f??t?r? for successful management.Henri F???l explored thi? comprehensively ?nd, ?? a r??ult, he ??nth??iz?d the 14 principles ?f m?n?g?m?nt.H?nri F???l ‘s principles ?f management and r????r?h were ?ubli?h?d in the b??k ‘G?n?r?l ?nd Indu?tri?l Management’ (1916).The 14 Principles of Management by Henri FayolThe 14 ?rin?i?l?? ?f M?n?g?m?nt ?r? statements th?t ?r? based ?n a fund?m?nt?l truth.These ?rin?i?l?? ?f m?n?g?m?nt ??rv? ?? a guideline f?r decision-making and management ??ti?n?.Th?? are drawn u? by m??n? ?f ?b??rv?ti?n? ?nd ?n?l???? ?f ?v?nt? that managers ?n??unt?r in ?r??ti??.Henri F???l w?? able t? ??nth??iz? 14 ?rin?i?l?? ?f management after ???r? ?f study, n?m?l?:Principle 1. Division of WorkA??li??bl? for fir m? which h?v? m?n? employees as well ?? few employees, th? principle of division ?f work says, th?t the w?rk should b? divided b?tw??n ?ll ????l? who ?r? capable ?f d?ing it ?nd should n?t b? ?v?rl??d?d t? a ??n??ntr?t?d f?w.It should n?t b? dilut?d b? giving th? same w?rk to many ????l?.This ensures ?r???r utilization ?f l?b?r ?nd k???? them f??u??d ?nd ?r?du?tiv?.In th? l?ng t?rm, thi? ??m? t?rg?t?d division ?f work h?l?? the l?b?r in ????i?lizing in the work th?? ?r? doing, th?r?b? ?n?uring th?r? ?r? far fewer mi?t?k??.In a factory, the ?r?bl?m solver i? always someone who h?? w?rk?d ?n th? machinery f?r ???r? ?n end.Here i? how ??u ??n ???l? thi? ?rin?i?l? ?f management in ??ur caseAre ??u dividing th? w?rk ?qu?ll? b?tw??n employees ?f ??ur ?rg?niz?ti?n?Ar? people specializing in the work th?? ?r? d?ing?D? ??u need to restructure th? divi?i?n of l?b?r in ??ur organization?Above are some questions which ??n guid? you in improving your ?rg?niz?ti?n’? management ?nd l?b?r divi?i? n.Principle 2. AuthorityTh? power ?nd responsibility t? giv? orders should r??id? with only a f?w people and ?h?uld n?t be diluted.One of the ??mm?n errors ?f l?rg? companies is th?t th? m?n?g?m?nt ??m?ri??? ?f too m?n? ????l?, th?r?b? ?r??ting ??nfli?t?.Wh?n a f?w h?nd ??l??t?d people h?v? th? ??w?r to v?t?, th?n thi? authority is ??rri?d down th? ?h?in ?nd the process g?t? im?l?m?nt?d.With ?u?h ?uth?rit? ??m?? r????n?ibilit?.Imagine if you were th? m?rk?ting head ?f a company, ?nd you took a ??ll with r?g?rd? t? marketing a ??rti?ul?r ?r?du?t, in th? ?nd if th? ?r?du?t f?il?, you h?v? to take ?wn?r?hi? ?f th? failure.Y?u ??nn?t pass th? bu?k.Thus, when th? ??r??n t?k?? r????n?ibilit?, h? also takes wi?? d??i?i?n?.H?n??, ?uth?rit? ?nd responsibility g? hand in h?nd ?nd form an im??rt?nt ??rt ?f Henri f???l’? 14 ?rin?i?l?? ?f management.Principle 3. DisciplineA???rding t? H?nr? F???l di??i?lin? means ?in??rit? ?b?ut the w?rk ?nd enterprise, ??rr?ing ?ut ?rd?r? and instructions ?f superiors ?nd t? h?v? f?ith in th? ??li?i?? ?nd ?r?gr?mm?? ?f the business enterprise, in other sense, discipline in terms ?f obedience, application, energy and respect t? ?u??ri?r.H?w?v?r, F???l d??? n?t ?dv???t? warming, fines, ?u???n?i?n ?nd di?mi???l? ?f worker for maintaining di??i?lin?.Th??? ?uni?hm?nt? ?r? r?r?l? awarded.A w?ll-di??i?lin?d w?rking f?r?? i? ????nti?l for im?r?ving th? qu?lit? ?nd qu?ntit? ?f th? production.Principle 4. Unity of CommandThi? principle states th?t employees ?r? ?n?w?r?bl? t? ?nl? ?n? ??r??n.Em?l????? should have one and ?nl? one m?n?g?r.Th?r? ?h?uld be n? extra lin?? ?f ??mm?nd whi?h ??n confuse ?m?l?????, and ?l?w d?wn d??i?i?n? and production.Principle 5. Unity of DirectionThi? management principle of the 14 ?rin?i?l?? ?f management i? all ?b?ut f??u? ?nd unity.Unity ?f dir??ti?n means that ?ll ?m?l????? ??rf?rming similar ??tiviti?? should b? und?r th? ?u??rvi?i?n of th? ??m? m?n?g?r. It ?l?? m??n? that th? m?n?g?r ?h?uld b? ???r?ting from a s ingle ?l?n.Thi? ?n?ur?? t??m? ?r? well coordinated ?? everyone i? pulling in th? ??m? direction.A? ?n ?x?m?l?, in a m?d?rn organization, thi? m??n? that ?ll software development activities, ?u?h ?? coding the ?rg?niz?ti?n’? w?b?it? ?nd updating int?rn?l ??m?ut?r system, ?h?uld ultimately b? und?r th? ??ntr?l ?f a single m?n?g?r.Principle 6. Subordination of Individual InterestAccording to this ?rin?i?l?, the individu?l and organizational int?r??t mu?t ??in?id? to g?t th? task ????m?li?h?d.Th? individual must n?t ?l??? hi? personal int?r??t ?v?r th? ??mm?n int?r??t, in ???? th?r? a ??nfli?t.Principle 7. RemunerationFair remuneration ?h?uld b? giv?n t? everyone.Thi? ?n?ur?? employee satisfaction.Remuneration in?lud?? both fin?n?i?l ?nd n?n-fin?n?i?l ??m??n??ti?n.There ?r? m?n? v?ri?bl?? whi?h should b? considered b?f?r? d??iding a w?rk?r’? rate ?f ???.Some ?f th? v?ri?bl?? ?r?:C??t ?f livingSu??l? ?f qu?lifi?d personnelG?n?r?l bu?in??? ??nditi?n?Su????? of the businessPrinciple 8. The Degree of CentralizationIt i? ?lw??? ?r???nt t? a gr??t?r ?r lesser ?xt?nt, d???nding ?n th? ?iz? ?f th? ??m??n? ?nd the quality ?f it? managers. In centralization, th? ?uth?rit? is ??n??ntr?t?d only in few h?nd?.H?w?v?r, in decentralization, th? authority i? di?tribut?d to ?ll th? l?v?l? of management. N? ?rg?niz?ti?n ??n b? ??m?l?t?l? ??ntr?liz?d or d???ntr?liz?d.If th?r? i? complete centralization, th?n th? subordinates will h?v? no authority (??w?r) to carry ?ut their r????n?ibilit? (duties).Simil?rl?, if th?r? i? ??m?l?t? d???ntr?liz?ti?n, th?n th? ?u??ri?r will h?v? no authority t? ??ntr?l the organization.Th?r?f?r?, th?r? should b? a balance b?tw??n ??ntr?liz?ti?n and d???ntr?liz?ti?n.Th? d?gr?? to which centralization ?r d???ntr?liz?ti?n ?h?uld b? ?d??t?d d???nd? ?n the ????ifi? organization, but m?n?g?r? should retain final responsibility but should give subordinate ?n?ugh authority t? d? th? tasks ?u?????full?.Principle 9. Scalar ChainM?n?g?r? in hi?r?r?hi?? are part of a ?h?in lik? authority ???l?.E??h m?n?g?r, from th? fir?t lin? supervisor to the ?r??id?nt, ??????? certain ?m?unt? ?f authority.Th? President ????????? th? m??t ?uth?rit?; th? first line ?u??rvi??r th? l???t.L?w?r l?v?l managers ?h?uld ?lw??? k??? u???r level m?n?g?r? informed ?f th?ir work ??tiviti??.The existence of a scalar ?h?in ?nd ?dh?r?n?? t? it ?r? n??????r? if th? ?rg?niz?ti?n i? to b? ?u?????ful.Principle 10. OrderBr??king thi? principle int? m?t?ri?l ?rd?r ?nd ???i?l ?rd?r, F???l think? of it ?? a simple edge f?r ?v?r?thing.Thi? organization is th? ?rin?i?l?, whi?h refers t? ?rr?ng?m?nt of thing? ?nd persons in ?n ?rg?niz?ti?n.Principle 11. EquityTh? m?n?g?m?nt principle ?f equity ???? that all the employees or w?rk?r? ?f th? ?rg?niz?ti?n must b? treated f?irl?, ?qu?ll? and im??rti?ll?.M?int?ining ?quit? in the ?rg?niz?ti?n? come fr?m th? ?rg?niz?ti?n’? ?ultur?; adopting ?nd m?int?ining ?quit? m?ximiz?? employee l???lt? and tru?tw?rthin???.The combination ?f kindlin ess and justice i? v?r? im??rt?nt t? ??hi?v? equity and t? ?d??t in th? ?rg?niz?ti?n ?ultur?. If ?n ?rg?niz?ti?n f?ll?w? ?thi?? ?nd right ?rg?niz?ti?n ?ultur? th?n it is not n??????r? to put ?xtr? efforts to m?int?in ?quit? in the w?rk?l???.If ?ll th? employees n?t tr??t?d ?qu?ll? ?nd giving preference ?v?r few ?m?l????? ?r a particular gr?u? then it leads t? ??nfli?t? and r?v?luti?n?.Mi?und?r?t?nding and mi?int?r?r?t?ti?n? fr?m th? minds of ?m?l????? must b? ?l??r?d with ?r???r communication ?nd with regular int?r??ti?n?.If ??m?thing i? d?n? f?v?r?bl? t?w?rd? a ??rti?ul?r employee th?n th? managers mu?t give ?l?rit? t? th? ?th?r employees th?t wh?t situations m?d? them d? it; ?nd it mu?t be justified.Principle 12. StabilityPrin?i?l? of ?t?bilit? i? link?d with l?ng tenure of personnel in th? ?rg?ni??ti?n.Thi? means ?r?du?ti?n b?ing a team work, an ?ffi?i?nt m?n?g?m?nt ?lw??? build? a t??m ?f g??d w?rk?r?.If the members ?f th? t??m go on ?h?nging th? entire ?r????? of ?r?du?ti?n wil l b? di?turb?d. It is ?lw??? in the int?r??t ?f th? ?nt?r?ri?? that its tru?t?d, ?x??ri?n??d ?nd tr?in?d employees do not l??v? th? organization.Stability ?f j?b ?r??t?? a ??n?? of b?l?ngingn??? among w?rk?r? wh? with this f??ling ?r? ?n??ur?g?d t? improve th? ?u?lit? ?nd quantity of work.Principle 13. InitiativeEm?l????? should have th? n??????r? l?v?l of fr??d?m they need to m?k? ?nd conduct ?l?n?.M?n?g?m?nt should ?n??ur?g? w?rk?r initiative.New ?r ?xtr? work activity und?rt?k?n through self-direction is ?n ?x?m?l?.Principle 14. Spirit of Co-Operation (Spirit De Corps)In ?rd?r to achieve the best possible results, individu?l ?nd group efforts are to be ?ff??tiv?l? integrated ?nd ???rdin?t?d.Pr?du?ti?n is a team w?rk f?r whi?h th? wh?l?-h??rt?d ?u???rt ?nd ??-???r?ti?n ?f th? m?mb?r? at ?ll l?v?l? is r?quir?d.Everyone should ???rifi?? hi? personal int?r??t ?nd ??ntribut? his b??t ?n?rgi?? t? achieve the b??t r??ult?. It r?f?r? t? the ??irit ?f l???lt?, f?ithfuln??? ?n the part ?f the members ?f th? gr?u? whi?h ??n b? ??hi?v?d b? strong m?tiv?ting r???gniti?n ?nd importance ?f th? m?mb?r? f?r th?ir v?lu?bl? ??ntributi?n, ?ff??tiv? ???rdin?ti?n, inf?rm?l mutu?l social r?l?ti?n?hi? b?tw??n m?mb?r? of th? gr?u? and ???itiv? ?nd constructive ???r???h ?f the m?n?g?m?nt t?w?rd? w?rk?r?’ w?lf?r?.CRITI?I?M OF THE HENRI FAYOL THEORY OF MANAGEMENTThe contribution of H?nr? F???l in th? fi?ld ?f m?n?g?m?nt th?ught i? very important.H? w?? th? fir?t person wh? ??int?d ?ut th? fun?ti?n? ?f m?n?g?m?nt ????r?t?l?.H?w?v?r, in spite ?f such importance, hi? th??r? of m?n?g?m?nt i? n?t b???nd ?riti?i?m.Th? management theory ?f Henri Fayol i? ?riti?i??d in the f?ll?wing ?????t?:Too Narrow MindedH? ?r????d?d t?? theorise functionalism on the basis ?f fun?ti?n? und?rt?k?n in a m?nuf??turing ??m??n?.It w?uld be unrealistic t? ?x???t th?t the insights ?nd d?riv?ti?n? from the mining ?rg?ni??ti?n would b? ?qu?ll? applicable to th? needs ?nd ?h?ll?ng?? of other ?rg?ni??ti?n?.VagueSom e ?f th? concepts h?v? n?t b??n ?r???rl? defined. F?r ?x?m?l?, th? ?rin?i?l? of divi?i?n ?f work does n?t t?ll h?w th? t??k ?h?uld b? divided.Ag?in, t? say that ?n ?rg?niz?ti?n n??d? coordination is m?r?l? t? ?t?t? th? ?bvi?u?. In th? words of Herbert Simon, administrative th??r? ?uff?r? from superficiality, oversimplification ?nd l??k of r??li?m.Negligence of Joint ManagementTh?r? is n? ?l??? f?r j?int m?n?g?m?nt in F???l’? ??n???t ?f m?n?g?m?nt. Modern ?g? is the ?g? of joint management.At ?r???nt th? workers ?l?? participate in management thr?ugh th?ir trade uni?n leaders.Controversial Universality of ManagementF???l ??in?? that the ?l?m?nt?, ?rin?i?l?? and methods of m?n?g?m?nt indicated b? him ?r? ???li??bl? to ?ll t???? ?f ?nt?r?ri???â€"tr?ding or n?n-tr?ding.But the ?rin?i?l? of universality ?f management is v?r? ??ntr?v?r?i?l.B???u?? th? principles ?f management d???nd ?n time, ?l???, and ?itu?ti?n ?f ???li??ti?n ?nd th??? ?r? ?h?ng?d ????rdingl?.Historical ValueF???l? the ory w?? r?l?v?nt wh?n organizations ???r?t?d in a ?t?bl? and ?r?di?t?bl? ?nvir?nm?nt. It ???m? l??? appropriate in th? turbulent environment ?f t?d??.For ?x?m?l?, ?r???nt-d?? managers ??nn?t d???nd ?ntir?l? ?n f?rm?l authority ?nd must u?? ??r?u??i?n to g?t th? w?rk done.Similarly, th? theory views ?rg?niz?ti?n? as ??w?r centres and d? n?t r???gni?? th? r?l? ?f a d?m??r?ti? form of organization.ADV?NT?G?? AND DISADVANTAGES ?F F???L? THEORIES ?ND ??NTRIBUTI?N?Advantages:F???l w?? th? fir?t ??r??n t? actually giv? a definition ?f management whi?h is g?n?r?ll? familiar t?d?? n?m?l? ‘f?r????t and plan, t? ?rg?niz?, to ??mm?nd, t? ??-?rdin?t? ?nd t? control.Fayol ?l?? gave much of th? b??i? t?rmin?l?g? ?nd concepts, whi?h w?uld b? elaborated u??n by future researchers, ?u?h ?? divi?i?n ?f l?b?ur, ???l?r ?h?in, unity ?f ??mm?nd ?nd centralization.Di??dv?nt?g??:F???l was d???ribing th? structure ?f f?rm?l organizations.Ab??n?? of attention to i??u?? such ?? individual v?r?u? g?n?r?l int? r??t, r?mun?r?ti?n ?nd equity ?ugg??t th?t F???l saw th? ?m?l???r ?? ??t?rn?li?ti? ?nd b? d?finiti?n w?rking in th? ?m?l????? interest.F???l d??? m?nti?n the issues r?l?ting t? th? sensitivity ?f a ??ti?nt’? n??d?, such as initi?tiv? and ‘esprit d? ??r??, h? ??w them as i??u?? in th? context of r?ti?n?l organizational ?tru?tur? and not in terms ?f ?d??ting ?tru?tur?? and changing peoples b?h?vi?ur t? ??hi?v? th? b??t fit between th? ?rg?ni??ti?n ?nd its ?u?t?m?r?.Many ?f these ?rin?i?l?? h?v? b??n ?b??rb?d int? m?d?rn d?? ?rg?ni??ti?n?, but th?? w?r? n?t d??ign?d t? cope with ??nditi?n? of rapid change ?nd issues ?f employee ??rti?i??ti?n in th? d??i?i?n-m?king ?r????? ?f ?rg?ni??ti?n?, such as are current t?d?? in th? early 21st ??ntur?.ADMINISTRATIVE THEORY IN TH? M?D?RN WORKPLACEF???l b?li?v?d that managerial practices w?r? k?? t? the ?r?di?t?bilit? and efficiency in organizations.The Admini?tr?tiv? theory vi?w? ??mmuni??ti?n as a n??????r? ingr?di?nt to successful management and many ?f F???l? ?r??ti??? ?r? ?till ?liv? in t?d??? w?rk?l???.The elements and ?rin?i?l?? ?f m?n?g?m?nt ??n b? f?und in m?d?rn organizations in several w???: as ?????t?d practices in some indu?tri??, ?? r?v?m??d v?r?i?n? ?f th? original ?rin?i?l?? ?r ?l?m?nt?, ?r as remnants ?f the ?rg?niz?ti?n? history t? which ?lt?rn?tiv? practices ?nd ?hil????hi?? are b?ing ?ff?r?d.The U.S. milit?r? i? a ?rim? ?x?m?l? ?f an ?rg?niz?ti?n th?t h?? ??ntinu?d to u?? these ?rin?i?l??.C?M??TIBILIT? ?F F???L? PRIN?I?L?? OF M?N?G?M?NT IN TODAYS WORLDFayol’s principles are easily adaptable in today’s world with some changes: Ad??ting F???l? ?rin?i?l?? t? th? 21?t ??ntur? workplace i? ?n easy ???li??ti?n. While technology ?nd gl?b?liz?ti?n h?v? accelerated the r?t? ?f ?h?ng?, ?r??ting m?r? un??rt?inti?? and less stability, th? entrenched v?lu?? behind F???l? ?rin?i?l?? remain a ?t?bilizing f?r?? in the m?d?rn w?rk?l???. Fayol d???rib?? a hi?r?r?hi??l ?tru?tur?, whi?h i? t??i??l of a m?nuf??turing o rganization. While th? hi?r?r?h? i? much fl?tt?r today th?n wh?t F???l ??w, how ?n ?rg?niz?ti?n i? ?tru?tur?d remains a key element. In f??t, F???l? ?r?mi?? th?t ?m?l????? should be w?ll-inf?rm?d ?nd ?? ?l??? as ????ibl? t? the decision-makers is ?? true today as it was th?n.Many of Fayol’s principles haven’t coped well in today’s world: Many ?f these principles h?v? been ?b??rb?d into m?d?rn day ?rg?ni??ti?n?, but th?? were n?t d??ign?d to ???? with ??nditi?n? of rapid ?h?ng? ?nd i??u?? ?f ?m?l???? ??rti?i??ti?n in th? decision m?king process ?f ?rg?ni??ti?n?, such as ?r? current t?d?? in the early 21?t ??ntur?.Specialization has evolved in today’s world: T?d??, ?m?l????? ?r? much oriented towards challenging ?nd interesting j?b?. Th?ugh th? division ?f work h?l? ?m?l????? t? ????i?liz? ????ifi? ?kill?, they seek m?r? ?h?ll?nging ????rtunit? once th?? expertize ?n th?ir ?kill?. Al??, ??m??ni?? h?v? downsized their ?t?ff with ????l? wh? are multit??king ?nd h?v? th? quest to explore b???nd th?ir ?r?? ?f expertise. Thi? h?? helped ?rg?niz?ti?n? t? ?t?? ??m??titiv? with best ?f th? ?m?l????? in the field.Authority has become a bit flexible: Th?ugh M?n?g?r? ?r? ?uth?riz?d and majorly r????n?ibl? f?r a ?r?j??t commencement and its ??m?l?ti?n, companies rely h??vil? ?n employee ??rti?i??ti?n ?nd ?m??w?rm?nt f?r th? best outcome.Fayol’s points have been stretched in modern times: A? th? Am?ri??n economy h?? ?hift?d from a manufacturing b??? to a ??rvi?? ?nd kn?wl?dg? base, ??m? of Fayols ??int? have b??n ?tr?t?h?d. S???i?liz?ti?n ?f labor (P?int 1) i? a ??rn?r?t?n? ?f ???n?mi? theory. M?n?g?r? who h?v? ?uth?rit? (Point 2), h?w?v?r, now ?m??w?r their ?m?l????? with m?r? diverse r????n?ibiliti??. Discipline (P?int 3) is ?till maintained, but it is m?r? inf?rm?l in m?n? w?rk ?nvir?nm?nt?. While F???l m?int?in?d that ?n ?m?l???? should r???rt t? ?nl? one supervisor (Point 4), many ?m?l????? t?d?? have multi?l? ?u??rvi??r?, a circumstance that m?? n?t w?rk in ? ll in?t?n???. W?rking for a ??mm?n cause (Point 5) and subordinating oneself to th? g?n?r?l interest (P?int 6) ?r? ?bj??tiv?? th?t ?r? un?h?ng?d fr?m 100 years ago.Cooperate culture has diluted hierarchy: Hierarchical decision making is v?ni?hing in ?r???nt indu?tri??. It h?? b??n ?b??rv?d th?t maximum ?r??tivit? ??n b? ?bt?in?d with r?du?ti?n of hi?r?r?hi??l elements ?nd ?d??ting ?????r?t? ?ultur?. Industries n?w f??u? on l??? hierarchical, less f?rm?liz?d and flatter d??i?i?n m?king organization ?tru?tur?.Managers have evolved: Th? American w?rk?l??? has ?v?lv?d ?in?? F???l ?ubli?h?d hi? 14 ??int?. Id??? th?t caused m?n?g?r? to ??u?? th?n ?r? accepted with?ut a ????nd thought t?d??. K???ing w?rk?r? informed wh?r? th?? stand in ?n organization, m?int?ining a clean w?rk?l???, fair m?n?g?m?nt, minimizing employee turnover, giving employees th? fr??d?m to do th?ir j?b? ?nd f??t?ring good employee m?r?l? are all g??l? th?t ?m?l????? ?x???t and ?n? m?n?g?r w?uld ???ir? t? r???h. F?ir ?? ?, remains a m?tiv?ting f?r?? in any w?rk?l???.Employees are no longer just cogs in the machine: Commitment ?f an ?m?l???? i? ??hi?v?d if th? ?rg?niz?ti?n ?tr?ngl? ??n?id?r? the int?r??t of th? ?m?l????. In ???t employees strived for equity, today ?rg?niz?ti?n? provide sense of ?wn?r?hi? t? their ??mmitt?d employees.St?bilit? ?f personnel tenure d???nt h?ld mu?h ?ignifi??n?? in present ?rg?niz?ti?n: D?wn?izing strategies h?? flattened m?n? middl? m?n?g?m?nt ???iti?n? ?nd ?nri?h?d l?w?r-l?v?l employees job. Thi? h?? h?l??d in cost ?utting ?nd maintaining ??mmitt?d group of employees. Th? Gl?b?l r?????i?n whi?h struck 2008-2012, ILO [Int?rn?ti?n?l L?b?ur Organization] predicted th?t at l???t 20 million j?b? w?r? l??t b? the ?nd ?f 2009- m?inl? in ??n?tru?ti?n, r??l ??t?t?, financial services, ?nd th? ?ut?. This hug? figur? ??t? an example ?f th? in?t?bilit? of ??r??nn?l t?nur? t?d?? and th?t it depends ?n m?n? f??t?r? of whi?h gl?b?l ???n?mi? influ?n?? ?n the organization i? ?n? ?u?h r????n.M?int?ining E??rit de corps is n?t ?r??ti??l in t?d??? world: Org?niz?ti?n? th??? days hir? m?r? ?nd m?r? of t?m??r?r? and ?r?j??t ??ntr??tu?l basis. M?r??v?r, downsizing strategies and ?r?????t? ?f ?t?ff cuts h?? tended to lower th? employee m?r?l?.Fayol’s terminologies are still strongly used today: Fayol w?? th? fir?t to d?fin? management whi?h is g?n?r?ll? f?mili?r t?d?? ?? f?r????t and plan, t? ?rg?ni??, t? ??mm?nd, t? ??-?rdin?t? and t? control. Fayol also g?v? much ?f th? basic terminology ?nd ??n???t?, whi?h would be ?l?b?r?t?d u??n b? futur? r????r?h?r?, ?u?h as divi?i?n ?f l?b?ur, ???l?r ?h?in, unit? ?f ??mm?nd and ??ntr?liz?ti?n.CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONSH?nri F???l was ?n? of the fir?t ????l? to make sense of m?n?g?m?nt ?? a ??n???t, ?nd th?n developed a th??r? to im?r?v? m?n?g?m?nt ?r??ti???.He d?v?l???d ??m? ?rin?i?l?? ?nd g?v? us what w? know ?nd g?n?r?ll? accepts today ?? the fun?ti?n? of m?n?g?m?nt. S?m? ?f th? 14 ?rin?i?l?? of HentiFayol has b??n r?d?f in?d ?nd re-interpreted t? b???m? b?tt?r ?nd m?r? ?ff??tiv? t? ?rg?ni??ti?n? in their application.Y?t a f?w others h?v? r?m?in?d ?? Fayol postulated them and ?r? ?till wid?l? adopted in the m?n?g?m?nt ?f today’s ?rg?ni??ti?n?.Generally, all organizations ?r? in ??m? w??? ?imil?r when it comes to the context of management as a ?r??ti??.Th? issue ?f ??t?g?riz?ti?n ?f ?rg?ni??ti?n?, whether ?r?fit ?r non-profit, int? m?nuf??turing, m?rk?ting, ??l??, ?r services ?? products, d??? n?t d?m??n th? n??d f?r m?n?g?m?nt in all t???? ?f ?rg?ni??ti?n.

Similarities Between the Edicts of Ashoka, the Bible, and...

Jared Sidney Messer Hi 101, Essay 2 Option 2, A few thousand years ago, three sets of laws were composed that show remarkable similarities in their instructions on how to live a moral and righteous life. Although they were written hundreds of miles apart from each other, and in totally different cultures and civilizations, the Edicts of Ashoka, the Bible, and Hammurabi’s Code all elucidate the moral principles of self-control, justice, and abstention from harming living beings. In the Thirteenth Rock Edict, Ashoka, the greatest Mauryan king of India, points out that he desired to have self-control. This is the act of self-denial and the ability to control your impulses. Ashoka obviously considered this to be a virtue and in†¦show more content†¦Justice was held up by these three sets of laws as a quality of utmost importance. One of Ashoka’s most convicting beliefs was the abstention of harming any living being. This is evident by his conversion to peace loving Buddhism after the gruesome Kalinga war. However, he did make it clear that if his subjects did not reform or submit to his rule, he would have to punish them

Argumentative Assignment Saving Private Ryan - 1163 Words

â€Å"Saving Private Ryan† Argumentative Assignment Steven Spielberg, in his 1998 cinematic classic â€Å"Saving Private Ryan†, documented the retrieval operation of Private First Class James Francis Ryan, the last surviving of four brothers to fall in action during WWII. The film, set in late WWII, opened with a half hour rendition of the macabre American occupation of Omaha beach during D-Day. Spielberg tied viewers to protagonist Airborne Ranger Captain Miller, played by Tom Hanks, as he fought through the heavily German fortified shores of Normandy. The Americans eventually took the beach, and CPT Miller then received direct follow on orders from General George C. Marshall to go and pull PFC Ryan from the frontlines of battle. The†¦show more content†¦This promise to leave no one behind can mean several things. Literally it translates to the US military, both as an institution and as an organization of people, will not voluntarily disregard the life of a soldier, regardless of context. Moreover, the implicati ons of this commitment even extend to those closest to soldiers: their families. The reason why the military implements lofty life insurance plans and facilitates on post resources for family members is because the soldier and his family are rooted as one. In the film, the General ultimately considers PFC Ryan’s mother in the final decision to send him home. His reasoning considered the fact that she already sacrificed three sons to the war. Ryan’s mother completed her civic duty through her son’s service and no longer owed the country any more of her children. To allow last of his name PFC Ryan to continue the fight meant that General Marshall accepted that PFC Ryan’s mother’s vote was not important. Indeed, this would be leaving her behind. Thus, the choice to bring PFC Ryan back to his mother was made in the light of the Army’s most consecrated promise and with all military families, past, present or future, in mind. Chartering the mission to save PFC Ryan was the best option because it reinforces the values of the US military where compassion for others is cherished. The US military is the most trusted organization because it operates on a family basis. ThisShow MoreRelatedMastering Graduate Studies 1e32499 Words   |  130 Pagesenticing. Do you really is to research and compare all the different need to complete all the reading assignments? opportunities as you focus your education. This Does the Discussion Question really have to is a process of discovery that can be very fulfilling. have all those words and require so much critical As you continue to look at the possibilities, listen thinking? Do collaborative assignments have to your heart and assess your skills. This will any place? It is essential to understand that theRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesSelf-Disclosure 89 Through the Looking Glass 89 Diagnosing Managerial Characteristics 90 An Exercise for Identifying Aspects of Personal Culture: A Learning Plan and Autobiography 92 SKILL APPLICATION 95 Activities for Developing Self-Awareness 95 Suggested Assignments 95 Application Plan and Evaluation 95 SCORING KEYS AND COMPARISON DATA 97 Self-Awareness Assessment 97 Scoring Key 97 Comparison Data 97 Emotional Intelligence Assessment 97 Scoring Key 97 Comparison Data 99 The Defining Issues Test 99 The EscapedRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PageseText by title or author and purchase immediate access to the content for the duration of the course using any major credit card. With CourseSmart eText, students can search for specific keywords or page numbers, mak e notes online, print reading assignments that incorporate lecture notes, and bookmark important passages for later review. For more information, or to purchase a CourseSmart eTextbook, visit www.coursesmart.com. Pearson’s Self-Assessment Library (S.A.L.) A hallmark of the Robbins seriesRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 Pagesit goes, and how to get it. These skills include knowledge of marketing because marketing of organizations or service often results in funding for them. Additionally, in more and more libraries, as governmental funding has decreased, the need for private fund-raising has become a primary responsibility, especially for top managers. Fund-raising is time-consuming, but it often provides the additional support needed for the extras in a library’s budget. †¢ System Skills. There is much more to this than

Joe and the Juice Free Essays

Ind. Competence. Joe and the juice: Franchise – you pay royalty every month, whether you earn or not – You use the name. We will write a custom essay sample on Joe and the Juice or any similar topic only for you Order Now The concept have to be good and proved. Of course you need a lot of money to invest, because the main firm does not give a single penny for your business. When you see a concept that people like you have to carry on this wave. Partnership is not like franchise . There is no real influence with the concepts. You have to stick to what all think is a good idea. You got limitations. You can choose how to look like but you still get limitations about the main concept. Fremtiden – future : restaurant business is to rely the personnel. How you adapt different stores to different market? – number of personnel is different depending on how busy they are. Adjust the music, take best employees to make sure the new place is working good, adapt to peoples behaviour. Try to learn from mistakes and take much more time before you open a stoer, so you can know what the locals are and you can adapt to them. . Scandic hotel To give people away from home the feeling of being home. They run the hotels, they do not own them. Promises and missions are part of any hotel chain. People skills are vital and training is vital. Team members should speak their mind and discuss. More sales are more service. Self-service is no service, it is ignorance Customers pay grants for emotions. Every business has a potential. Brand is much more than a logo type. Brand platform needs to be relevant to the customers. It is an explanation to who we are. People away from home need warm and nice atmosphere and friends. Caring, casual, creative – these are the values of Scandic. How to cite Joe and the Juice, Essay examples

Led Zeppelin IV by Led Zeppelin free essay sample

Led Zeppelin is one of the most influential and is widely regarded as the best rock band of all time. I proudly regard them as the best band of all time, and as the fore fathers to many new groups and musicians. Their fourth album titled simply Led Zeppelin IV included such influentially experimental songs such as Stairway to Heaven and Battle of Evermore while sticking to the tried and true Zeppy methods through Rock and Roll, Black Dog, and When the Levee Breaks. Some of my personal favorites include Four Sticks, Going to California, and Misty Mountain Hop. With Jimmy page shredding on guitar, Robert Plant providing his now iconic screaming and at times lyrical vocals, John Bonham’s in your face drums, and John Paul Jones laying down some smooth bass Led Zeppelin was able to influence not only a generation, but also the world and those to come. We will write a custom essay sample on Led Zeppelin IV by Led Zeppelin or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Led Zeppelin IV was able to masterfully blend hard rock songs, mystical ballads, and bluesy rock to create an album unlike any other in existence. Even those who are not fans of Led Zeppelin or even rock and roll cannot help but sing along when they hear the lyrical vocals of Robert Plant as he lulls you into a new world during the eight minute run time of Stairway to Heaven. Unfortunately the band broke up after the death of drummer John Bonham in 1980, and the world is a far poorer place for having lost out on what could have been.

Writing Tips Percent, Per Cent and Percentages - Get Proofed!

Writing Tips Percent, Per Cent and Percentages - Get Proofed! Percent, Per Cent and Percentages We’ve been told that putting 110% into anything is mathematically impossible. But we’re proofreaders, not mathematicians! As such, we’re not going to let math get in the way of putting everything we have into solving your writing problems. Today, for example, we’re looking at writing percentages. Words and Numbers As with any numbers, percentages can be written as either words or numbers: Words: Around nine percent of people dislike coffee. Numbers: Approximately 91% of people like coffee. The examples above reflect three important guidelines when writing percentages: Numbers up to ten are usually written as words, while larger numbers are written as numerals When a percentage is written as a word, it should be followed by â€Å"percent† When a percentage is written as a numeral, it should be followed by the â€Å"%† sign However, this can vary depending on the context (e.g., measurements in scientific writing are almost always written as numerals, even for numbers under ten). It’s therefore a good idea to check your style guide for advice on how to write percentages. Percent vs. Per Cent The question we’re asked most often about writing percentages is whether to use â€Å"percent† or â€Å"per cent.† Ultimately, though, this doesn’t really matter: both are accepted spellings of this term. Again, we recommend checking your style guide if you have one, as some publishers and colleges have a preference. And â€Å"percent† is much more common these days than â€Å"per cent.† But other than that, the main thing is picking one spelling and using it consistently throughout your work. Percent vs. per cent When to Use â€Å"Percentage† Finally, we have the word â€Å"percentage.† Although similar to â€Å"percent,† this word has a slightly different usage: â€Å"Percent† is used with specific numbers, while â€Å"percentage† is used when referring to a general or non-specific amount of something. For example: A small percentage of the forms were coffee stained. Almost seven percent of the forms were coffee stained. As shown above, you should use â€Å"percentage† when the exact amount is unspecified.

Health Effects of PBDE Absorption

Health Effects of PBDE Absorption Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) is a common flame retardant used to reduce the risk of fire in a wide variety of products, such as childrens pajamas and your computer. PBDEs are excellent flame retardants, but the chemicals have been accumulating in the environment and in human bodies. Relatively recent reports have indicated that exposure to low concentrations of these chemicals may result in irreparable damage to the nervous and reproductive systems. The European Union will ban two of the three most common PBDE formulations starting in 2004. California is the only U.S. state to take action, passing a law to ban certain PBDEs, but not until 2008. Several Japanese electronics companies will be phasing PBDEs from their products. Other countries and individual manufacturers are taking steps to eliminate their use of PBDEs. PBDE concentrations are 10-20 times higher in North Americans than in Europeans. European concentrations are about twice those of Japanese levels. Calculations performed by Ronald Hites of Indiana University show that body concentrations have been exponentially increasing, with a doubling time of 4 to 5 years. PBDE-containing products are being phased out, but the chemicals remain a health concern because they are so persistent in the body and in the environment.

Insufficient Staffing and Medication Errors Essay

Insufficient Staffing and Medication Errors - Essay Example Understanding the different factors affecting health care delivery to the patients should be analyzed in order to make sure its objectives are attained. One of the issues that healthcare systems should address in order to optimize its role in delivering quality health care to its patients is medication error. Medication error is any preventable event that may cause or lead to inappropriate use of harm to a patient while medication is in control of the health care professional, patient or consumer. Such events may be related to professional practice, health care products, procedures and system including prescribing, order communication, administration, education, monitoring, and use. According to various studies concerning errors in patient medications, there are around 7,000 to 7,400 people in the United States who dies due to such form of negligence. Specifically in New York, there is approximately 1,400 people die every year or twenty percent of medical injuries are due to medicati on errors. Lawsuits have been filed across the United States health care system as a result of medication errors, which exposed the patients into dangerous situations that eventually cause the death of some patients. According to the National Law Journal, out of the 13 largest medical negligence lawsuits in the US in 2002, seven of these were in New York alone. The number of deaths from medication errors in the US per year is at least one death every day. In addition, the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research found that a total of 1.3 million people are injured because of medication errors. Types of Medication errors Medication errors occur in different ways and at any degree. Medical negligence of this type may be made by any health care practitioner, from the nursing staff to the attending physicians. One type of medication error may be a misdiagnosis of a patient’s illness identified as a diagnostic error. A mistake as complicated as this, may result to more serious prob lems when made. Misdiagnosis could result to recommending an incorrect choice of therapy to the patient that would further injure them. Failure to use an indicated diagnostic test is also a result of diagnostic error that may cause a patient’s illness to become worse and very serious. Test results may also be misinterpreted due to an error in diagnosis. Patients suffer the consequences of not being able to get the right treatment to their illnesses when such diagnostic error happens. In addition, when patients are misdiagnosed, medical staff may not be able to correctly handle abnormal situations that are brought about by the patient’s illness or disease. Equipment failure is another form of medication error that is classified under this category. Some examples of this are dead batteries in defibrillators and easily dislodged or bumped valves of intravenous pumps. When such conditions are unnoticed, patients may have increased doses of medication over a short period of time that may be too dangerous, worse, fatal to the. Physicians are not spared in committing medication errors as well. The same thing goes with the nurses. Their roles require them to be in close contact with the patients. While physicians prescribe the medications or recommend the proper treatment necessary for the patients, the nurses are those who implement them.

Intellectual Disability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Intellectual Disability - Essay Example One of these is Picture Exchange Communication System or P.E.C.S. This method uses discrete trail training to teach children using visual cues. There are a lot of visual cues available but there is also a Compic-programme computer that one can use in order to teach a student with autism. P.E.C.S teaches to exchange a visual cue on things that the student wants to tell, or when asking for something, or even make comments. He is being reinforced back with snacks or a praise when communication is done and effective. (Marsden, 2002) For example, a student who wants to play with a teddy bear may hand his compic of a teddy bear and teacher will give him a teddy bear to play with. One important advantage of teaching P.E.C.S is that autistic children, when well reinforced, develop less behavior problems. They are happier, less frustrated and more satisfied since their needs are met and their sense of independence is more practiced using this kind of method. This method can easily be administ ered, not only by teachers, but moreso, of parents with autistic children. Parents need to manifest efforts as their teacher s are doing so the teaching methods are not limited to the walls of the school. The ability to initiate and maintain social interaction determines ability to enhance relationships between parents or caregivers and children with autism. As shown in a study made by Stephenson and Dowrick (2005), responsitivity of parents to the behavior of children is recognized as a critical element in parent-child interaction and contributes not only to communicative development, but moreso on affective and mental development. It is highly important that parents and caregivers are educated on the teaching method of their child. Knowing the communicative content and appropriate usage of the context will greatly improve their communication with their child. A survey was made comparing between parents who can identify the signs, gestures, and body movements of their children but are not able to report sufficient detail on the context of the movements and its communicative content. and parents who have aside from identifying the body signs, gestures and body movements, know the context and communicative content of these movements. Results showed that parents who can identify the context of gestures and body movements are more educative of the communication method used on their child and tend to maintain an in-depth communicative relationship with their child. The behavior of the child is more satisfying because they are aware when to use certain gestures and at what context to use for. While picture-object relations is difficult for children with autism, another research was done to identify which effective teaching method is viable for children with language and communication disability and autism. Two methods namely the error prevention procedure and error correction procedure were both tested. Results showed that error prevention based teaching gives fewer errors than error correction method. A notable feature of these studies is that learning such relations often presents a major difficulty for children with language and developmental disabilities and autism. If learning is successful, usually this is achieved only through repeated teaching of the relation over many sessions;

Immortality and Myth in The Age of Innocence Essay -- essays papers

Immortality and Myth in The Age of Innocence Edith Wharton’s books are considered, by some, merely popular fiction of her time. But we must be careful not to equate popularity with the value of the fiction; i.e., we must not assume that if her books are popular, they are also primitive. Compared to the works of her contemporary and friend, Henry James, whose books may seem complex and sometimes bewildering; Wharton’s The Age of Innocence appears to be a simplistic, gossipy commentary of New York society during the last decade of the 19th century*. Instead, it is one man’s struggle with the questions of mortality and immortality. Wharton’s characters, settings and the minutiae of social rituals, manners, speech habits, dress and even flowers help her expose the mortal and immortal. But her adroit contrasts and comparisons with mythology elevate her fiction to the heights of sophistication. It is Newland Archer who is caught in the struggle man feels between living an ordinary and mortal life; or what his society consider an extraordinary and immortal life. It is he who is tested, who is tried and convicted by his society. It is he who gives in to the immortal manipulations of his wife, family and friends. It is he who gives up his chance for freedom, for love, and to be mortal. Wharton’s skill raises her characters to the level of myth for they, like the Greeks, are unforgettable and hence immortal. Looking at the book as a whole, Edith Wharton’s New York society of the late 19th century can be weighed against the society of Greek (and Roman) mythology. They are both mortal and immortal. She utilizes mythology to present us with a sophisticated comparison of New York society and the pantheon of t... ...nd his own mortality. Yet as the anti-hero, he is a coward; he denies his mortality and accepts immortality. He lives within the pantheon of the gods yet by rejecting their societal rules, he is a thinking human mortal being. But as a mortal being he lacks the strength to change and recreate the New York pantheon. He is forever trapped within the walls of its mausoleum. *One story about Wharton and James goes like this: Wharton drove up to James’ house one day in a brand new, beautifully large car. She got out and said that she had purchased the car with the proceeds of her last book. James pointed to a wheelbarrow and replied that that was what he purchased with the proceeds of his last book and with the sale of his next book, he would paint it. I think this is an appropriate story about popularity and fiction and the perceived value of that fiction.

Colored People Essay

The â€Å"I have a Dream† speech by Martin Luther King Jr. is considered one of the most memorable speeches of all time. The speech was given August 28th, 1963 at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, DC. Some say that it was an effective speech and some say it wasn’t. In his speech Martin Luther King Jr. tried to convince his audience that all people should be treated equally. He believed that black people should have the same rights as the white people and not be punished as brutal than whites. In his speech King use pathos, ethos, and logos to try and get his audience to agree with him. He begins his speech by telling a short story about how an American signed the Emancipation Proclamation and was still not free because of segregation and discrimination. He descriptively talked about how the man is still in poverty and was not considered part of the American society. When talking about this King uses a lot of emotion. By using emotion he was able to emphasize and show his audience that discrimination really was a problem and that it was only getting worse. Martin Luther King’s speech is based on facts and it also comes from his heart. When stating facts, he talks about how colored people are victims of police brutality and how they aren’t allowed to stay at hotels and motels. He also says that they can’t vote, and should be allowed to. King talks about things that come from his heart, such as when he says, he wants his four children to live in a society where they will be judged for who they are and not by the color of their skin. He also said that he wanted all children to be able to be friends with each other and live normal lives together. In his speech King states, â€Å"One day right there in Alabama, little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers â€Å" (3).

Technology and Cyber Bullying - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1657 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/02/15 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Bullying Essay Cyber Bullying Essay Did you like this example? The advancement of technology has helped society as it has provided opportunities for better communication and unlimited access to information. However, although electronic technology has various benefits, there are also consequences with using it (Wright 113). With approximately 71 percent of American children using social media, many adolescents are unaware of a world without technology (Wright 113). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Technology and Cyber Bullying" essay for you Create order Because the adolescent population has fully embraced the digital world compared to past generations, they are more susceptible to cyberbullying (Wright 114). In the past decade, cyberbullying has become more prevalent in society due to the skyrocketing popularity of social media. According to Bauman, bullying is defined as â€Å"a type of aggressive (purposefully harmful) behavior that is intentional, repeated, and based on a power imbalance between the aggressor and the target† (249). Similar to confrontational bullying, cyberbullying is still a form of bullying. However, rather than the bullying occurring face-to-face, cyberbullying is executed through digital platforms such as text messages or social media sites (Van Hee et al. 1). Furthermore, unlike face-to-face bullying, cyberbullying can occur at any time of the day. There are various forms of cyberbullying. For example, flaming, harassment, cyberstalking, denigration, masquerading, outing, and exclusion are all classified as forms of cyberbullying (Cowie 167). Some known contexts in which cyberbullying might occur are when a peer envies another peer’s success, prejudice intolerance over ethnicity, gender, and disability, and after a romantic relationship or friendship ends (Cowie 167). As cyberbullying continues to be a growing concern for young people, recent studies have shown that cyberbullying can lead to depression and anxiety, self-harm, eating disorders, suicidal thoughts and actions, social withdrawal, and decreased academic achievement and attendance among adolescents. Therefore, cyberbullying does negatively impact the mental and physical health of adolescents. To begin with, children who are bullied over the internet are more likely to become depressed and develop anxiety (Agarwal et al. 60; Wright 114). The American Psychiatric Association defines depression as a type of mental illness that affects how an individual thinks, feels, and acts (Parekh). Whereas, the National Institute of Mental Health states that social anxiety disorder is also a mental illness that causes an individual to have feelings of uneasiness and worry towards events or activities, especially when the individual is unsure of the outcome. Additionally, in 2014, it was estimated that 2.8 million American children had a depressive episode (â€Å"Anxiety and Depression in Children†). Of this 2.8 million children, 43 percent of them have been cyberbullied while 25.1 percent have been diagnosed with social anxiety disorder (â€Å"Facts Statistics†; â€Å"11 Facts About Cyberbullying†). Unfortunately, as studies have shown, as more children are cyberbul lied, the percentage of children who have anxiety and depression will also increase. In turn, this further validates that depression and anxiety in adolescents can be direct results of cyberbullying. Because cyberbullying can be seen as an extension of traditional bullying, the effects are likely to be physical as well. Studies have shown that self-harm is directly linked to cyberbullying (John 1). One particular form of self-harm that cyber-victims use is cutting. Due to the fact cyber-victims do not want to think only about the pain of the online harassment, the victim will try to shift the attention to the pain from cutting him or herself (Dombeck). For example, in a study conducted by Ã…  là ©glovà ¡ and ?ernà ¡, they surveyed 15 students between the ages of 14 to 18 years old. The participants consisted of 13 girls and 2 boys. The researchers online interviewed these students to ask about their experience with cyberbullying and their coping strategies (Ã…  là ©glovà ¡ and ?ernà ¡ 4). This helped the researchers determine the consequences of cyberbullying, one of which was self-harm. Three students reported of self-harm in the form of cutting. One respondent stated that she began cutting herself after cyberbullying because it helped relieve anxiety (Ã…  là ©glovà ¡ and ?ernà ¡ 8). To the cyber-victim, the physical pain from a cut is less painful than the emotional pain from the cyberbullying. Thus, when the victim cuts him or herself, they are able to forget about their cyber-problems for a short time (John 1). In turn, this provides them with temporary relief. For some cyber-victims, they use cutting oneself to express themselves (Dombeck). Sometimes, an individual is unable to communicate how they feel or the pain they are going through, but by cutting themselves they think they are expressing their pain (Dombeck). The third possible reason why a cyber-victim may cut is to self-punish. This is because â€Å"the voice or perspective of the abuser gets implanted into the minds of the victims in such a way that the victim starts to judge him or herself in the same way† (Dombeck). In other words, the student may self-inflict pain because the student is cyberbullied so much to think that they it is their own fault that they are being online harassed. Further evidence indicates that children are more susceptible to developing eating disorders because of cyberbullying. While there is no significant correlation between cyberbullying and eating disorders, there is a correlation between cyberbullying and unhealthy diets which can eventually lead to eating disorders (Marco and Tormo-Irun). Cyberbullies most commonly degrade and â€Å"body-shame† other online users. Cyber victims typically â€Å"[receive] harassing emails or text messages about ones body†¦[and] derogatory images about his/her body over the Internet (Marco and Tormo-Irun). Indeed, these negative body image comments can take a toll on adolescents mentally and physically as their humiliation drives them to attempt harsh diets or skip meals. Marco and Tormo-Irun conducted a study in Spain to assess 676 children, ranging from 12 to 19 years old. The research used a cyber victimization and body appearance evaluation as predictor variables and eating disorders psychopathology for the dependent variable (Marco and Tormo-Irun). As a result, the study revealed that cyber victimization is a factor in why adolescents are dissatisfied with their physical appearances. Consequently, children’s body image dissatisfaction can then progress into other symptoms of eating disorder psychopathology, such as â€Å"difficulties in regulating eating behavior [and] binge eating symptoms† (Marco and Tormo-Irun). If left untreated, these poor dietary habits can impact the overall quality of life. In addition, cyberbullying can also stimulate suicidal thoughts and attempts among adolescents. To emphasize, 12-year-old Floridian, Gabriella Green, was revealed to have committed suicide in January 2018 due to being cyberbullied by two other children (Lynch). Police officers found evidence of the cyberbullying in Green’s phone. While the cyberbullies were unnamed, the female student did confess to verbally abusing Green through social media platforms and text messages (Lynch). Because of the online harassment, Green’s mental health deteriorated which lead to her depression and suicidal thoughts. Moreover, it was reported that Green did reach out and voice her suicidal thoughts during a video chat with one of the cyberbullies (Lynch). However, the cyberbully did not attempt to discourage her or alert the authorities. Instead, he encouraged Green to commit suicide. This further proves the dangers of cyberbullying and how it is detrimental to a child’s mental hea lth. Moreover, cyberbullying can cause children to have social withdrawal. Usually, children who are cyberbullied also experience traditional bullying (Cowie 168). Thus, they will often feel like they are not accepted by their peers and that they cannot escape from their in-person and online attackers. As a result, they are more likely to isolate themselves from all social activities due to low self-esteem (Cowie 168). For example, the child may choose not to partake in playing sports, speaking to other children, or attending parties. The child will limit any and all social interactions. However, the more the child isolates him or herself, it will cause him or her to feel alone (Cowie 167). Consequently, if the child continues to isolate him or herself, research shows that the child will carry those same habits into adulthood, which is not only harmful to the child’s mental health, but it will also stunt the child’s ability to communicate and overall development to thrive in society. Furthermore, cyberbullying is known to decrease academic achievement and attendance amongst adolescents. Some studies have found a positive correlation between â€Å"cyberbullying [and] negative school experiences, such as lower academic performance and negative perceptions of school climate† (Schneider et al. 172). For example, in 2008, a group of researchers conducted a study on 20,406 students from 22 high schools in Boston metropolitan area (Schneider et al. 171-172). All of the students were asked to complete a survey. The students were asked questions about cyberbullying and traditional bullying within the past 12 months, psychological distress, sociodemographic, school performance, and school size (Schneider et al. 171). Based on the data collected from the surveys, the researchers discovered that the students who were only cyberbullied had lower school performance and lower attachment to school. To illustrate, students that received failing grades, D’s and F’s, were also cyberbullied whereas students who were not cyberbullied received mostly A’s. Cyberbullying can effect school performance because the student is unable to focus on their schoolwork and they are constantly concerned with the online harassment they are receiving on a day by day basis (Schneider et al. 172). Not to mention, due to the low school attachment, the cyberbullied students do not prioritize and value school in comparison to those that are not internet bullied. Hence, cyberbullying affects a child’s ability to focus and excel in school even though the cyberbullying is occurring off school campus. All in all, many individuals may argue that preventing cyberbullying is as simple as ignoring the negative comments, turning off a device, or deactivating one’s social media profile. However, it is not. Because children are highly impressionable and tend to seek validation from their peers, they are vulnerable to being deeply affected by cyberbullies’ attacks, especially on their physical appearance. Cyberbullying amplifies children’s insecurities and fosters low self-esteem, social anxiety, and poor school performance. Moreover, cyberbullying can have long-term mental and physical ramifications on adolescents’ personal, social, and academic development. Thus, cyberbullying will continue to be a significant influence on the mental and physical health of cyber victims, especially with the increasing use of technology in individuals’ daily lives.